Muhammad Ariq Kautsar

Biodata

Greetings!! My name is Muhammad Ariq Kautsar, but everyone calls me Ariq. Currently I am a student at the University of Indonesia, majoring in Mechanical Engineering.

Name: Muhammad Ariq Kautsar

Date of Birth: December 28th, 2000

NPM: 1906422956

Major: Mechanical Engineering

For the purpose of Energy Conversion 2 (ECS 2) subject I took at the end of my bachelor's degree, this page will be used as an activity log as well as the CCITonline website. Regards to Pak DAI for establishing these websites to support students' study.

Thank you and see you on the next posts!

Personal Project

Introduction

A personal project was handed by Mr. DAI and Prof. Adi in order for us to be more conscious about the Energy Conversion System 2 subject. They gave three topic options which are about Pyrolysis, Electric Vehicle, and IC engine. This project will later use Open Modelica Software

Chosen Topic

After some research on the internet, I came up with the topic of IC Engine or Internal Combustion Engine. As it is one of the most-discussed topic on modeling software

Synopsys

For my personal project, I'll be using a turbocharged engine. Following the path model it has a compressor, intercooler, throttle, intake manifold, and a speed-density engine airflow model. And as for the fuel flow path a source and an externally controller is used. The objectives are to:

1. Evaluate how the increased flexibility that the Modelica language gives can be used.

2. Drive the development of the Modelica tools by presenting a challenging use case which takes advantage of advanced modeling language features.

The implementation uses models from a previously available Matlab implementation but adds the use of possible multi-component gas models instead of ideal gases with fixed gas properties. Because of the exchangeable gas models the same models can be used at many stages in the engineering process by reducing or increasing the model complexity as appropriate.

Source: Öberg, P. and Eriksson, L. (November 2012) ‘Free Modelica Libraries resulting from the combustion engine use case’.

Will We Ever Run Out of Oil??

Estimating the remaining oil reserves of the planet is notoriously difficult, and frankly, subject to constant change. The reasons for this vary but are primarily dictated by our technological ability to exploit oil reserves in the first place and also the difficulty of estimating future demand.

That being said, at current consumption, we have by some accounts an estimated 47 years of oil left to be extracted. That equates to somewhere in the region of 1.65 trillion barrels of proven oil reserves. Other sources up this estimate a bit, but most agree we have around 50 years left, give or take. For reference, a barrel of crude oil is about 42 gallons or about 159 liters.

With regards to other fossil fuels, we have an estimated 53 years of natural gas, and 114 years of coal left to rip out of the ground according to interestingengineering.com.

"Proven" oil reserves are those oil reserves that any given region can theoretically extract based on the infrastructure they have in place or plan to have in the near future. This is obviously dependent, as we previously stated, on the oil extraction methods and technology. However, it is important to note that any oil left in already tapped oil reserves is not necessarily useable. Often termed "heavy" or "sour" oil, this stuff is pretty poor quality. It is also not always in a liquid form and can contain large amounts of contaminants like sulfur.

Sulfur is a big deal as it is very corrosive to steel, which is obviously not good news for equipment like that used in refineries. Sulfur-rich oil is very complex and energy-intensive to process which obviously increases the cost of bringing it to market. One such material is bitumen. This is a very viscous (sticky) low-grade form of crude oil that can be distilled to make petroleum. It can also be used "as is" as a binder for many other things like asphalt, roofing products, damp-proofing, etc.

It is so sticky that the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) often compares it to “cold molasses”. Producers like the CAPP have greatly improved their technological capacity over the past few decades which, by extension, has necessarily increased Canada's proven reserves as a consequence. Other technological developments like hydraulic fracturing (fracking), have also contributed to increasing the world’s proven reserves despite an increase in global consumption (and attracting controversy).

Another more recent innovation is our ability to process and extract shale oil, more specifically a material called kerogen (a waxy mixture of hydrocarbon compounds). This tends to be found within shale deposits and needs to be heated to around 932 degrees Fahrenheit (500 degrees centigrade) to extract and process. This process converts the solid kerogen into something similar to oil. What's more, there is an absolute glut of this stuff in places like the USA. According to some estimates, there are "trillions" of barrels of shale oil in the U.S. alone. However, the actual energy return on energy invested (EROEI) to extract and refine shale oil is so poor that there has been no serious commercial exploitation of oil shale to date.

ChatGPT

February 21st 2023

Command : What is the correlation of oil and gas factory, sugar cane factory, and automotive factory?

Respond : Oil and gas factories: Oil and gas factories produce fossil fuels, which are commonly used as a source of energy for various industries, including automotive factories. Oil is also a feedstock for the production of petrochemicals, which are used in the manufacturing of plastics and other materials used in the automotive industry. Moreover, some sugar cane factories also use bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane processing, as a fuel for their operations.

Sugar cane factories: Sugar cane factories process sugarcane into sugar, which is used as a sweetener in the food and beverage industry. Sugar cane factories also produce bagasse, a byproduct that can be used as a source of energy for various industries, including the production of biofuels. In some cases, sugar cane factories may also produce ethanol, which is a biofuel that can be used as a substitute for gasoline in automotive engines.

Automotive factories: Automotive factories produce cars, trucks, and other vehicles that are powered by various fuels, including gasoline, diesel, electric, and hybrid powertrains. The production of automotive vehicles requires a significant amount of energy, raw materials, and other inputs, which can be derived from oil, gas, sugar cane, and other sources.

Overall, the correlations between oil and gas factories, sugar cane factories, and automotive factories can vary depending on the specific products, technologies, and markets involved. However, it is clear that these industries are interconnected and can influence each other in various ways.