Regina Calysta Natalie
Contents
INTRODUCTION
Hello, my name is Regina. I am a student in ECS 2. This will be my page regarding ECS2.
FULLNAME: Regina Calysta Natalie
STUDENT NUMBER: 1906315834
Correlations between Industries and Energy / 21 February 2023
After chatting with chatGPT regarding relations between each type of factory with oil and gas company, as shown in the picture below, the chatGPT has replied with an exciting answer.
In conclusion, the industries shown have various relationships with oil and gas companies. There can be a close relationships between factories such as sugar factory and oil and gas company as they both produce ethanol therefore biofuels will be a significant part of the transportation sector. Additionally, a strong correlation exists as the automotive industry mainly consumes petroleum-based fuels. In short terms, oil and gas companies provide the primary sources of fossil fuels to power up these factories and therefore that it plays a critical role.
After knowing such critical role, then where does oil and gas companies play a part in sustainability energy transition? I asked chatGPT regarding this question, which was the AI's answer.
In conclusion, oil and gas companies have a complex role in the sustainability movement, as they are major contributors to climate change and other environmental issues. Despite this, some companies promote sustainability by investing in renewable energy sources, developing low-carbon technologies, setting emissions reduction targets, and participating in sustainability initiatives. While some argue that more needs to be done to address the environmental impact of these companies, their participation in sustainability initiatives and investment in renewable energy and low-carbon technologies suggest they are beginning to recognize the importance of sustainability in the energy sector.
There is an article worth reading regarding this matter from IEA (International Energy Agency). The Oil and Gas Industry in Energy Transitions
It highlights the challenges and opportunities the oil and gas industry faces in transitioning to a low-carbon energy system. The report also emphasizes the importance of collaboration between governments, the industry, and other stakeholders to address climate change and achieve sustainable energy goals. Several key factors outlines the report including the growth of renewable energy and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There are also several strategies that the industries can adapt to the changing energy landscape to support sustainability. Overall, this article emphasizes the need for oil and gas industry to take a proactive steps to address the challenges of energy transitions and work towards a sustainable energy usage.
This topic is rather interesting as it is a vast topic which can be discussed endlessly regarding many sections. But as an engineer, creating better technology will help achieve sustainable energy. Still, it will only work if these other sections want the same thing.
Fuel for Thought?
23/02/2023
My initial thought is to look at my Honda Jazz and research its fuel consumption based on my usual route, Tangerang to UI. But I am also curious regarding the literal difference from Honda Jazz that uses VTEC and those who do not use VTEC. So I will have a look on that as well.
27/02/2023
Ever since classes have started going on offline, my only main way of transport is by going on in car or going on a train. But since most of my classes started early, I decided to go on by my car. Only after regularly using my car from Monday to Friday, I then realized how much in terms of price that I need to fill up my whole tank. My car is 2016 All New Honda Jazz with automatic transmission which can be seen down below.
This Honda Jazz generally has a capacity of 40L of fuel for the tank itself. The distance from my house to my campus is considered pretty far around 50 km for one ride and another 50 km which totals into around 100~110 km of distance. Back in late 2022, I noticed that my fuel usage is considered pretty economic since the ratio that I typically get is around 1 L for around 16~17 km. But lately, there has been changes in the fuel consumption.
My personal project for this course is to investigate what could be the trigger for this change from literature review and also looking at the engine performance itself based on the last shop visit. Other than that, I will also take a look on the analysis between whether or not VTEC engine also plays a part in the fuel consumption itself.
For the calculation, I will try to look for fuel consumption modeling using Modelica based on this article: Package PowerTrain: A Modelica library for modeling and simulation of vehicle power trains
VIDEO PRESENTATION
Open Modelica IC Engine Tutorial / 24 February 2023
I haven't installed OpenModelica so for today, I only took notes on what we did today.
Today, we received a tutorial regarding OpenModelica for IC Engine with Bang Tanwir. IC Engine is an internal combustion engine with fuel and air to be combusted with power and fuel gasses output. IC Engine also needs cooling with refrigerant. In OMEdit, there is a library that consists of IC Engine, therefore we can import the library. Here are the steps for IC Engine modelling in Open Modelica:
1. Open OM. Import the Library. The library name is ThermoSysPro 3.1 or ThermoSysPro 3.2 -> package.mo
2. Create new modelica class "c_engine".
3. Drag the Engine to the workplace.
4. For the left and right, we add the cooling: can be air or water
5. FuelSourcePQ (inside Boundary Conditions) is added to the source inlet or gas connector.
6. SourcePQ is connected to the air inlet for water cooling.
7. SourcePQ is connected to the cooling inlet.
8. Seek is connected to the right side of the cooling (outlet).
9. Add Singular Pressure Loss (shapes like an hourglass) in the middle between Source PQ and cooling inlet and in the middle of the cooling outlet and seek.
10. Input the variables based on the reference. A reference that can be looked at: Study Case IC Engine in CCIT
Vibrations and Frequencies / 28 February 2023
During today's lecture, Professor Adi covered several topics related to energy conversion, including IC engines, pyrolysis, and electric vehicles (EVs). In particular, he discussed the energy conversion process that occurs when using fuels like LPG or gasoline in engines. The conversion of chemical energy in these fuels into mechanical energy happens due to the vibration of atoms and molecules, which creates heat and pressure that is used to power the engine. Professor Adi used the example of hitting a table to create sound as an analogy to illustrate this concept.
Pyrolysis, on the other hand, is a thermal decomposition process that does not involve combustion. Instead, organic materials such as biomass, plastics, or rubber are heated without oxygen, breaking them into smaller molecules. This process can produce various valuable products, including biofuels, activated carbon, and other chemicals. Finally, Professor Adi discussed EVs as a more sustainable alternative to combustion engines since they run on electricity.
Combustion is a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizer that produces heat and often light. The most common type of combustion is the reaction between a hydrocarbon fuel (such as methane, propane, or gasoline). Combustion is a type of energy conversion process because it involves converting chemical energy stored in the fuel into thermal energy. This process is widely used in many industries, including transportation, power generation, and manufacturing. However, combustion can also produce harmful byproducts, such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, which can have adverse environmental and health effects. As a result, there is a growing interest in developing alternative energy conversions processes, such as fuel cells or renewable energy sources, that can help reduce combustion's negative impact on the environment.
| "If you want to understand the nature, think of energy, vibration, and frequency." - Nikola Tesla |
From the quotation on the above, we have to think back to the basic which are vibration and frequency. The important question is "What are the conclusions from the previous topic?"
| "In conclusion, it is interesting how all topics are connected if we think back about the basics such as energy and vibration." |
In today's lecture, Prof. Adi also mentioned regarding plastics' composition. Plastics are synthetic polymers made from a variety of materials such as crude oil, natural gas, coal, cellulose, and other petrochemicals. The process of making plastics involves chemically bonding together molecules to form long chains known as polymers. Depending on the type of plastic, various additives such as stabilizers, pigments, and plasticizers can be added to the mixture to enhance their properties. The chemical composition of plastics varies depending on the type of plastic. Most plastics are made up of long chains of hydrocarbon molecules, which consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms. These hydrocarbon chains can be linear, branched, or cross-linked, and their physical properties depend on the length and structure of the chains. Other chemical elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, or sulfur can also be present in some types of plastics, adding further complexity to their composition.
It is essential for people to understand the purpose of plastics especially trash and how they can contribute to the environment. With proper knowledge and education, individuals can take steps to reduce their plastic use, recycle and dispose of plastic waste properly, and support initiatives that promote sustainable plastics. The purpose can be gained not only from higher education but also from various sources such as media, public campaigns, or personal experiences. For example, Nikola Tesla, a renowned inventor and engineer, gained his purpose from his fascination with electricity and a desire to make the world a better place.
One of the pressing environmental issues is the increasing amount of waste, including plastic waste, generated by human activities. Developed countries have implemented various ways of managing waste, such as recycling, incineration, or landfilling, to minimize the negative impact on the environment. However, developing countries, such as Indonesia, are still struggling to find effective waste management strategies. It is crucial to create awareness and develop innovative solutions to tackle this issue.
In the field of technology, the evolution of mobile communication technology has led to the development of various generations of mobile networks, from 2G to 5G. The primary difference between these networks is the frequency range and bandwidth they use, which affects the speed and quality of data transmission. As technology advances, the demand for higher data speeds and more reliable networks continues to grow, leading to the development of newer generations of mobile networks.
Resume 3 March 2023
- Pyrolysis
- Conversion Method: Biomass conversion
- Biochemical Route: Digestion (Anaerobic and Aerobic), Fermentation
- Thermochemical Route: Pyrolysis, Gasification (Supercritical Water, Air/Oxygen, Steam), Liquifaction, Combustion. Difference from all these route is in the product and process that they created and do.
- Pyrolysis creates char, gas, and oil.
- Gasification creates gas
- Liquifaction creates liquid.
- Combustion creates gas and liquid.
- In pyrolysis, little to no oxygen is used in the combustion process. Then how is the temperature in the process?
- Biomass is dipotong kecil-kecil (drying) biar prosesnya bisa jadi, kalau tidak susah.
- Pyrolysis Process : Pyrolysis Process, Pyrolysis to convert Plastic Waste
- Pyrolysis is a thermo-chemical decomposisiton process that converts organic or inorganic materials into solid, liquid, and gaseous products. The process involves multiple complex chemical reactions, and the derived products are highly dependent on the pyrolysis operating parameters and type of fededstock/
- Pyrolysis parameters: technology, type of feedstock, feedstock size, residence time, and heating rate.
- Various feedstocks: sewage sludge, glycerol, paper waste, municipal solid waste, plastic and polymer, lignocellulosic materials, and combined feedstock for co-pyrolysis.
- Different feedstocks can resulting in different output.
- Heating sources: furnace, steam, heating tape, and microwave. where each of the heating mode varies in heating rate and heat transfer mechanism. Hence, the reactor needs to be designed based on the heat source to gain maximum efficiency. Paper from Guo Ren Mong, 2022.
- Reactors: Fixed-bed, moving bed, and microwave induced pyrolysis.
- Prof. Adi's project: Desalination, Biomass, Pyrolysis, Drier
Resume 7 March 2023
- Desalination = Indonesian geography --> Drinkable water is decreasing by the hour.
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