Muhammad Shidqy Wasis

Biodata

Nama:

Muhammad Shidqy Wasis

NPM:

2106727935

Lahir:

2 September 2004 (18 tahun)

Bandung, Indonesia

Program Studi:

Teknik Mesin (angkatan 2021)

 

Konsep Mekanika Fluida

Pengertian Mekanika Fluida

Mekanika fluida adalah cabang ilmu teknik yang mempelajari perilaku fluida (zat yang dapat mengalir, seperti gas dan cairan) dalam keadaan diam dan bergerak. Ilmu ini mencakup studi tentang sifat-sifat fluida, seperti kepadatan, tekanan, viskositas, dan aliran fluida di dalam sistem tertentu.

Mekanika fluida penting dalam banyak aplikasi teknik, seperti dalam perancangan alat transportasi (seperti pesawat terbang, mobil, dan kapal), pembangunan infrastruktur (seperti jembatan dan bendungan), pengolahan bahan baku industri (seperti proses pengolahan minyak dan gas), dan pemodelan lingkungan (seperti pengelolaan air dan cuaca). Dalam mekanika fluida, terdapat dua cabang utama yaitu mekanika fluida teoretis dan mekanika fluida eksperimental.

 

Pengertian Kinematika

Kinematika adalah cabang ilmu fisika yang mempelajari gerakan benda tanpa mempertimbangkan penyebab gerakan tersebut, seperti gaya dan momentum. Ilmu ini mencakup studi tentang posisi, kecepatan, dan percepatan benda dalam ruang dan waktu. Kinematika seringkali digunakan dalam perhitungan pergerakan benda, baik dalam bidang fisika, matematika, maupun teknik.

Tugas 1: ChatGPT

Tell me what manometer is

A manometer is a device used to measure pressure of a fluid. It consists of a tube, typically made of glass or transparent plastic, partially filled with a liquid (such as water or mercury) and connected to the system or equipment being measured. When the pressure inside the system changes, the liquid in the tube will move up or down, indicating the pressure difference between the system and atmospheric pressure.

There are various types of manometers, including U-tube manometer, inclined-tube manometer, and well-type manometer. U-tube manometer is the most common type, which consists of a U-shaped tube with one end connected to the system being measured and the other end open to atmospheric pressure. The difference in liquid level between the two sides of the tube indicates the pressure difference between the system and atmospheric pressure.

Manometers are commonly used in industries such as chemical, petroleum, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) to measure pressure of fluids in various equipment, such as pipelines, tanks, and heat exchangers. They are also used in laboratory experiments and scientific research to measure pressure of gases and liquids.

 

How does it work

The principle of operation of a manometer is based on the fact that the pressure exerted by a fluid is directly proportional to the height of the fluid column. When a manometer is connected to a system with an unknown pressure, the fluid in the tube will move to a certain height due to the pressure difference between the system and atmospheric pressure.

The height of the fluid column in the tube is measured and converted to the pressure value using the appropriate conversion factor. The conversion factor depends on the fluid properties (such as density) and the unit of measurement used.

For example, in a U-tube manometer, the height difference (h) between the two sides of the tube is measured and converted to pressure using the formula P = ρgh, where P is the pressure difference between the system and atmospheric pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid in the tube, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height difference.

In general, manometers require calibration to ensure accurate and reliable measurements. Calibration involves comparing the readings of the manometer to a known pressure standard and adjusting the calibration factor if necessary.

 

What if the room is in vaccuum condition does manometer still working?

If the room is in a vacuum condition, a conventional manometer, which relies on the difference in pressure between the system being measured and atmospheric pressure, will not work. This is because there is no atmospheric pressure to provide a reference point for the pressure measurement.

However, there are specialized types of manometers that are designed to measure pressures in vacuum conditions. These include absolute pressure manometers and vacuum gauges.

An absolute pressure manometer measures the pressure of a system relative to a perfect vacuum (zero pressure). This type of manometer is used in applications where the pressure measurement needs to be independent of the atmospheric pressure, such as in vacuum systems or high-altitude testing.

A vacuum gauge, on the other hand, is specifically designed to measure low pressures in a vacuum. There are several types of vacuum gauges, including thermal conductivity gauges, ionization gauges, and capacitance manometers.

In summary, a conventional manometer will not work in a vacuum condition, but specialized types of manometers and vacuum gauges can be used to measure pressure in such conditions.

 

What differs conventional manometer and specialized manometer beside that?

The main difference between a conventional manometer and a specialized manometer is the type of pressure measurement they are designed for.

A conventional manometer, such as a U-tube manometer, measures the difference in pressure between a system being measured and atmospheric pressure. It works by comparing the pressure of the fluid in the system to the pressure of the fluid in the open end of the manometer, which is exposed to atmospheric pressure.

On the other hand, specialized manometers are designed for specific pressure ranges or conditions. For example, an absolute pressure manometer measures the pressure of a system relative to a perfect vacuum, while a vacuum gauge is designed to measure low pressures in a vacuum.

Specialized manometers may also use different measurement principles and techniques. For example, a capacitance manometer measures pressure by detecting the change in capacitance caused by the deflection of a diaphragm due to pressure changes. An ionization gauge measures pressure by detecting the ionization of gas molecules in a vacuum.

Another difference is in their accuracy and precision. Specialized manometers may have higher accuracy and precision than conventional manometers, but they may also be more expensive and require more maintenance and calibration.

In summary, the main differences between a conventional manometer and a specialized manometer are the type of pressure measurement, measurement principles and techniques, and accuracy and precision.

Tugas 2: Manometer

 

Pertanyaan:

1. Jelaskan mekanisme kerja manometer analog

2. Jelaskan mekanisme kerja manometer tipe U (fluida air)

3. Tuliskan hasil pengukuran P1, P2, dan P2 (ketika menggunakan manometer tipe U)

4. Faktor apa yang mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya tekanan

5. Tuliskan satuan yang ada pada manometer tersebut dan konversi ke dalam satuan SI

6. Buatlah skala tekanan pada manometer tersebut

   

Jawaban:

1. Manometer analog menggunakan prinsip Keseimbangan Hidrostatik, dimana cairan pada tabung akan mengendap pada ketinggian yang sama di setiap kaki tabung ketika kedua ujungnya terbuka terhadap tekanan atmosfer. Penunjuk biasanya terdiri dari jarum yang menunjukkan tekanan pada skala yang terukir pada layar manometer. Semakin besar tekanan yang diterapkan pada tabung, semakin besar pula sudut yang dibentuk oleh tabung tersebut, dan semakin jauh jarum bergerak di sepanjang skala.

 

2. Mekanisme kerja manometer tipe U terdiri dari dua kolom pipa U yang terisi dengan air, terhubung pada bagian bawah dan atasnya. Tekanan yang diberikan pada salah satu ujung manometer akan menyebabkan perbedaan ketinggian kolom air pada dua sisi manometer. Skala pada manometer tipe U biasanya diberi nilai dalam satuan tekanan yang diukur, seperti psi atau pascal. Dalam pengukuran tekanan fluida, manometer tipe U sering digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan statis atau tekanan dalam pipa yang tidak bergerak.

 

3. Awal = P1: 10 mbar, P2 (analog): 1,5 mbar, P2 (tipe U): 9 mmH2O

Akhir = P1: 8,5 mbar, P2 (analog): 1,2 mbar, P2 (tipe U): 12 mmH2O

 

4. Volume, Sifat dan Jenis zat, ketinggian zat, suhu, dan Luas permukaan

 

5. Manometer = Milibar, SI = Pascal Konversi : P1 = 10 kPa P2 =150 Pa

 

6. 1 milibar = 100 pascal

Tugas 3: Hasil Praktikum Alat Pengukur Tekanan

Macam-Macam Alat Ukur

Pada praktikum di hari Sabtu, 4 Maret 2023 kami mempelajari mengenai macam-macam alat pengukur tekanan, alat pengukur tersebut antara lain:

1. Manometer U

Mekanisme kerja manometer tipe U terdiri dari dua kolom pipa U yang terisi dengan air, terhubung pada bagian bawah dan atasnya. Tekanan yang diberikan pada salah satu ujung manometer akan menyebabkan perbedaan ketinggian :kolom air pada dua sisi manometer. Skala pada manometer tipe U biasanya diberi nilai dalam satuan tekanan yang diukur, seperti psi atau pascal. Dalam pengukuran tekanan fluida, manometer tipe U sering digunakan untuk mengukur :tekanan statis atau tekanan dalam pipa yang tidak bergerak.

2. Manometer Analog

Manometer analog menggunakan prinsip Keseimbangan Hidrostatik, dimana cairan pada tabung akan mengendap pada ketinggian yang sama di setiap kaki tabung ketika kedua ujungnya terbuka terhadap tekanan atmosfer. Penunjuk :biasanya terdiri dari jarum yang menunjukkan tekanan pada skala yang terukir pada layar manometer. Semakin besar tekanan yang diterapkan pada tabung, semakin besar pula sudut yang dibentuk oleh tabung tersebut, dan semakin :jauh jarum bergerak di sepanjang skala.

3. Pressure Transducer

Pressure transducer adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan suatu fluida atau gas dan mengubahnya menjadi sinyal listrik. Cara kerja pressure transducer adalah dengan menggunakan sensor tekanan yang sensitif :terhadap perubahan tekanan, kemudian mengubah perubahan tekanan menjadi sinyal elektronik yang dapat diproses oleh sistem kontrol atau perangkat pengukur. Output yang dihasilkan oleh pressure transducer dapat berupa sinyal :listrik seperti tegangan atau arus, atau dapat berupa output digital seperti pulsa.

 

Studi Kasus

Berapa ketinggian fluida (air, raksa, minyak) yang bisa ditimbulkan akibat dari tekanan sebesar 3 mBar?

P = 300 Pa

ρ(air) = 1000 kg/m^3

ρ(raksa) = 13.600 kg/m^3

ρ(minyak) = 800 kg/m^3

g = 9,81 m/s^2

ΔP = ρ.g.Δh

 

Jawab:

• Air

Δh = ΔP/ρ.g

h = 300/1000 x 9,81

h = 0,0306 m ≈ 3,06 cm

• Raksa

Δh = ΔP/ρ.g

h = 300/13.600 x 9,81

h = 0,00225 m ≈ 0,22 cm

• Minyak

Δh = ΔP/ρ.g

h = 300/800 x 9,81

h = 0,0382 m ≈ 3,82 cm