Fadhlan Dindra

Biodata

PAGI TEKNIKK!! My name is Fadhlan Kiska Anargya Dindra and my friends casually call me Dindra. Currently studying Mechanical Engineering at the University of Indonesia. Fast learner, well-organized, and responsible person. Always look forward to doing something new. Have an interest in sports, arts, and automotive.

Name: Fadhlan Kiska Anargya Dindra

Date of Birth: September 7th, 2003

NPM: 2106658414

Major: Mechanical Engineering

E-mail: fadhlan.kiska@ui.ac.id

I made this blog for the purposes of Numerical Method KKI that i took this semester. Special appreciation to Mr. DAI for creating this website to open new opportunities for us in learning through digital media. I will use this blog as my personal space to create my creativity in learning Numerical Method lectures.

Pressurized Hydrogen Storage

Pressurized hydrogen storage is a method of storing hydrogen gas by compressing it to high pressures inside storage vessels or tanks. Pressurized hydrogen storage plays a vital role in enabling the utilization of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. By effectively storing hydrogen gas at high pressures, it becomes more viable for various applications, contributing to the advancement of hydrogen-based technologies and the transition to a sustainable energy future. Our goals in this class are to finalized the design and optimization for Pressurized Hydrogen Storage but with the specification of gas being pressurized at 8 bars and volume is 1 liter.

A hydrogen tank, also known as a hydrogen storage tank, is a container designed to store hydrogen gas for various applications. Hydrogen tanks are an essential component of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, industrial processes, and energy storage systems. They provide a means to store hydrogen safely and efficiently until it is needed for use.

Hydrogen tanks are designed with safety features such as pressure relief valves, burst discs, and leak detection systems to ensure safe operation and prevent overpressure or leaks. The tank design, material selection, and construction adhere to specific standards and regulations to ensure the integrity and safety of the hydrogen storage system.

It's important to note that the choice of hydrogen tank depends on various factors, including the specific application requirements, storage capacity, weight considerations, safety considerations, and system efficiency. Different technologies and tank designs offer trade-offs in terms of cost, storage capacity, weight, and safety, and the selection should be made based on the specific needs of the application.

Material Selection

To design a hydrogen tank with a gas pressure of 8 bars and a volume of 1 liter within a maximum cost of 500,000 IDR, several factors need to be considered, such as material selection, manufacturing process, and safety requirements.

4130 steel, also known as chromoly steel or alloy steel, is a low-alloy steel that contains chromium and molybdenum. It is commonly used in various applications, including aerospace, automotive, and structural components. For the material properties, 4130 steel offers a good balance of strength, toughness, and cost-effectiveness. It has a tensile strength of around 560-700 MPa (81,000-101,000 psi) and a yield strength of approximately 460-590 MPa (67,000-85,000 psi), depending on the heat treatment and condition. The addition of chromium and molybdenum improves the steel's hardenability, strength, and corrosion resistance compared to standard carbon steels.

4130 steel is generally compatible with hydrogen gas but may require appropriate surface treatment or coating to mitigate potential issues such as hydrogen embrittlement. Proper precautions should be taken during the manufacturing and handling processes to minimize hydrogen absorption and ensure long-term integrity. 4130 steel can be easily formed and welded, making it suitable for tank fabrication. Common manufacturing processes for 4130 steel tanks include seamless tube fabrication, welding (such as TIG or MIG welding), and heat treatment as needed.

Geometrical Constraint

In this case, i choose a Cylindrical Shape as the geometry of the tank because cylindrical tanks can maximize the use of available volume and allowing for efficient storage of hydrogen. Moreover, the cylindrical shape provides a larger internal volume compared to other shapes with the same external dimensions. For the structural, cylindrical tanks distribute stress uniformly along the walls, resulting in a structurally efficient design. The cylindrical shape inherently provides good resistance against internal pressure, making it suitable for high-pressure hydrogen storage.

Surface Area Optimization

By minimizing the surface area of the cylindrical geometry, we can optimized the budget-cost without compromising safety factors and reducing existing specifications. To know the minimum radius and minimum height, we can do some iteration in python (or another coding software). The iteration in the provided code is achieved using nested loops. The outer loop iterates over different radius values, while the inner loop iterates over different height values. This combination of nested loops allows for systematically considering various combinations of radius and height for the cylindrical structure.

The process of systematically exploring all possible combinations of values using nested loops is commonly referred to as "nested iteration" or "nested looping". In this specific case, it helps to iterate through all the possible radius and height values within the specified range to find the cylindrical structure with the minimum surface area that meets the minimum capacity requirement.

import math

def calculate_surface_area(radius, height):
    # Calculate the surface area of a cylinder
    base_area = math.pi * radius**2
    lateral_area = 2 * math.pi * radius * height
    total_area = 2 * base_area + lateral_area
    return total_area

def find_minimum_surface_area(min_capacity):
    min_surface_area = float('inf')
    best_radius = 0
    best_height = 0

    for radius in range(1, 101):  # Consider radii from 1 to 100
        for height in range(1, 101):  # Consider heights from 1 to 100
            volume = math.pi * radius**2 * height
            if volume >= min_capacity:
                surface_area = calculate_surface_area(radius, height)
                if surface_area < min_surface_area:
                    min_surface_area = surface_area
                    best_radius = radius
                    best_height = height

    return best_radius, best_height

# Specify the minimum capacity in liters
min_capacity_liters = 1

# Convert the minimum capacity to cubic centimeters (1 liter = 1000 cubic centimeters)
min_capacity = min_capacity_liters * 1000

# Find the cylindrical structure with the minimum surface area
radius, height = find_minimum_surface_area(min_capacity)

# Print the results
print("Minimum Surface Area Cylindrical Structure:")
print(f"Radius: {radius} cm")
print(f"Height: {height} cm")
print(f"Surface Area: {calculate_surface_area(radius, height)} cm^2")
print(f"Volume: {math.pi * radius**2 * height} cm^3")

After making that code, we can run the result as follows:

Minimum Surface Area Cylindrical Structure:
Radius: 5 cm
Height: 13 cm
Surface Area: 565.4866776461628 cm^2
Volume: 1021.0176124166828 cm^3