Aisyah Rahmi Nurhanifah

Introduction

Perkenalkan saya Aisyah Rahmi Nurhanifah dengan NPM 2106707845, program studi Teknik Perkapalan tahun 2021.

Resume Pertemuan 1 (26/5/2023)

Pada pertemuan pertama, saya mempelajari bahwa metode nemuerik adalah metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan matematika yang kompleks melalui pendekatan secara numerikal. Matematika adalah ilmu pasti, akan tetapi kemarin saya menyadari bahkan di matematika pun tidak semua jawaban absolut atau eksak (pasti). Contoh dari soal (x-1)^2/(x-1) dengan x = 1. Apabila langsung disubstitusikan maka hasilnya ada 0/0 atau tidak terdefinisikan, sedangkan apabila dijabarkan melalui pendekatan secara limit, maka hasilnya adalah 2. Akan tetapi 2 juga bukan merupakan jawaban eksak karena pendekatan secara limit menjadikan x mendekati 1, bukan x = 1 (absolut). Oleh karena itu, di dunia ini yang abosolut hanyalah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Pada pertemuan kemarin, saya juga mempelajari tentang “counciousness”. Dalam menyelesaikann suatu permasalahan, kita harus “councious” mengenai permasalahan tersebut dan mencari solusi untuk menyelesaikannya. Selain itu, kami juga mendapatkan tugas untuk mendesain 1 liter tabung hidrogen dengan tekanan 8 bar dan biaya maksimal Rp. 500.000,00

Design & Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage

To design and optimizing a Hydrogen Storage with specification: Volume: 1 Liter Pressure: 8 bar Budget: Rp.500.000,00 I use ChatGPT and here are the steps in designing and optimizing a Hydrogen Storage:

Select Storage Method

Choose the appropriate method for hydrogen storage based on your requirements. Common methods include compressed gas cylinders, cryogenic liquid storage, or solid-state hydrogen storage materials. Each method has its advantages and considerations in terms of cost, efficiency, and safety.

Material Selection

Select suitable materials for your chosen storage method. For compressed gas cylinders, consider materials such as steel or aluminum alloys with high tensile strength and compatibility with hydrogen. For cryogenic storage, choose materials with low-temperature resistance. For solid-state storage, explore materials with high hydrogen storage capacity.

Design and Engineering

Develop a design for the storage system, considering factors such as pressure vessels, insulation, valves, fittings, and safety mechanisms. Engage with engineers and experts in the field to ensure compliance with safety standards and optimize the design for performance and cost.

Manufacturing Process

Explore cost-effective manufacturing processes such as seamless cylinder fabrication or efficient welding techniques.

Cost Optimization

Consider cost optimization techniques to stay within your budget. Explore options such as optimizing the size and shape of the storage vessel, minimizing material usage while maintaining safety requirements, and considering cost-effective manufacturing processes.

Simulation and Analysis

Utilize numerical simulations and analysis tools to evaluate the performance and safety of the storage system design. Perform stress analysis, pressure simulations, and leakage assessments to ensure the system's integrity and reliability.

Prototype and Testing

Build a prototype based on the optimized design and conduct thorough testing to validate the performance and safety of the storage system. This step is crucial to identify any design flaws or operational issues before implementation.

Compliance and Certification

Ensure compliance with applicable regulations, standards, and certifications for hydrogen storage systems. Consult with relevant authorities and certification bodies to meet the required safety and performance criteria.

Final Report of Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage

Thickness

    def calculate_optimized_thickness(volume, pressure):
    # Aluminum alloy properties
    yield_strength = 276e6  # Yield strength of the aluminum alloy in Pascals
    safety_factor = 3  # Desired safety factor
    
    # Conversion factors
    bar_to_pa = 1e5  # Bar to Pascal conversion factor
    
    # Convert pressure to Pascal
    pressure_pa = pressure * bar_to_pa
    
    # Calculate the radius of the cylinder using the given volume
    radius = (3 * volume / (4 * math.pi))**(1/3)
    
    # Calculate the hoop stress
    hoop_stress = pressure_pa * radius / 2
    
    # Calculate the required thickness
    thickness = hoop_stress * safety_factor / yield_strength
    
    # Convert thickness to millimeters
    thickness_mm = thickness * 1000
    
    return thickness_mm

    # Input parameters
    volume = 1  # 1-liter capacity
    pressure = 8  # 8 bar pressure

    # Calculate the optimized thickness
    optimized_thickness = calculate_optimized_thickness(volume, pressure)

    print(f"The optimized thickness of the aluminum alloy hydrogen storage vessel is {optimized_thickness:.2f} mm.")

The optimized thickness of the aluminum alloy hydrogen storage vessel is 2.70 mm.

Heigth

    def calculate_optimized_height(volume, pressure):
    # Convert volume from liters to cubic meters
    volume = volume * 0.001

    # Constants
    ideal_gas_constant = 8.314  # J/(mol·K)
    temperature = 298.15  # 25 degrees Celsius in Kelvin

    # Calculate the number of moles of gas
    n = (pressure * volume) / (ideal_gas_constant * temperature)

    # Assume the diameter of the container is 100 mm
    diameter = 100  # mm

    # Calculate the radius of the container in meters
    radius = diameter / 2000  # Conversion from mm to meters

    # Calculate the height of the container in meters
    height = volume / (math.pi * (radius ** 2))

    # Convert height from meters to millimeters
    height_mm = height * 1000
    return height_mm

    # Input values
    capacity = 1  # liter
    pressure = 8  # bar

    # Calculate the optimized height
    optimized_height = calculate_optimized_height(capacity, pressure)

    print(f"The optimized height of the aluminum alloy hydrogen storage container is {optimized_height:.2f} mm.")

The optimized height of the aluminum alloy hydrogen storage container is 127.32 mm.

Diameter

def calculate_optimized_diameter(volume, pressure):
    # Convert pressure from bar to Pascal
    pressure_pa = pressure * 100000

    # Convert volume from liters to cubic meters
    volume_m3 = volume / 1000

    # Constants
    gas_constant = 8.3145  # Ideal gas constant in J/(mol*K)
    molar_mass = 0.002016  # Molar mass of hydrogen in kg/mol

    # Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen
    n = (pressure_pa * volume_m3) / (gas_constant * 298)

    # Calculate the mass of hydrogen
    mass_hydrogen = n * molar_mass

    # Density of aluminum alloy (assumed)
    density_alloy = 2.640  # kg/m^3

    # Calculate the volume of the storage vessel in cubic meters
    volume_vessel = mass_hydrogen / density_alloy

    # Calculate the radius of the vessel in meters
    radius_vessel = math.sqrt(volume_vessel / (math.pi * 4 / 3))

    # Convert radius from meters to millimeters
    diameter_mm = radius_vessel * 2000

    return diameter_mm

    # Inputs
    volume_liters = 1
    pressure_bar = 8

    # Calculate optimized diameter
    optimized_diameter = calculate_optimized_diameter(volume_liters, pressure_bar)

    print(f"The optimized diameter is {optimized_diameter:.2f} mm.")

The optimized diameter is 15.34 mm.

Surface Area

def calculate_surface_area(radius, height):

   return 2 * math.pi * radius * (radius + height)

def find_surface_area():

   # Konversi radius, tinggi, dan ketebalan plat menjadi cm
   radius_cm = 0.767
   height_cm = 12.732
   thickness_mm = 2.70

   # Konversi kapasitas dalam liter menjadi volume dalam cm^3
   volume = 1000

   # Konversi tekanan dalam bar menjadi tekanan dalam Pa
   pressure = 8 * 10**5

   # Kekuatan tarik baja dalam Pa
   tensile_strength = 90 * 10**6

   # Konversi ketebalan plat menjadi cm
   thickness_cm = thickness_mm / 10

   # Hitung jari-jari dalam cm
   inner_radius = radius_cm - thickness_cm

   # Hitung tinggi dalam cm
   inner_height = height_cm - (2 * thickness_cm)

   # Hitung luas permukaan tabung dalam cm^2
   surface_area = calculate_surface_area(inner_radius, inner_height)

   # Periksa apakah tekanan dalam batas kekuatan tarik baja
   if surface_area * pressure <= tensile_strength:
       return surface_area
   else:
       return None

1. Panggil fungsi untuk mencari luas permukaan tabung

surface_area = find_surface_area()

1. Tampilkan hasil

if surface_area is not None:

   print("Luas permukaan tabung hidrogen: ", surface_area, " cm^2")

else:

   print("Luas permukaan tabung melebihi batas kekuatan tarik baja.")

Luas permukaan tabung hidrogen: 39.62448716631248 cm^2