Teuku Ahmad Faris Pasya

Introduction

Name: Teuku Ahmad Faris Pasya

Nickname: Faris Pasya

NPM: 2106658603

Major: Mechanical Engineering KKI

DoB: 17 January 2004

E-mail: farispasya@gmail.com

Assalamualaikum.Wr.Wb Hello Everyone! Let me introduce my self, my name is Teuku Ahmad Faris Pasya, people usually call me Faris, and i'am an undergradute student majoring in Mechanical Engineering at University of Indonesia. And in this semester i'am taking Numerical Method class with Pak DAI as my lecturer.

Case Study of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage

Introduction

Hydrogen is an energy carrier and is commonly used as a fuel in various applications, including fuel cell vehicles, industrial processes, and energy storage systems. Pressurized hydrogen storage refers to the storage of hydrogen gas at high pressure to achieve a higher density of hydrogen molecules within a given volume. In this class, our goal is to improve and optimize the pressurized hydrogen tank's design to withstand an 8-bar pressure and hold 1 liter of hydrogen.

Different Methods for Storing Hydrogen

Compressed Gas Storage : This method involves compressing hydrogen gas to high pressures and storing it in high-strength tanks

Liquid Hydrogen Storage: Hydrogen can also be stored in a liquid state by cooling it to extremely low temperatures. Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is stored in cryogenic tanks at temperatures below -253 degrees Celsius (-423 degrees Fahrenheit).

Metal Hydride Storage: Metal hydrides can absorb and release hydrogen gas, allowing for hydrogen storage at lower pressures.

Each method has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of storage capacity, energy density, infrastructure requirements, and safety considerations. The choice of pressurized hydrogen storage method depends on the specific application and requirements. It's worth noting that ongoing research and development efforts are focused on improving the efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness of hydrogen storage technologies.

Compressed Hydrogen

To optimize the pressurized hydrogen, for this project we use the Compressed Gas Storage method. Compressed hydrogen refers to hydrogen gas that has been pressurized and stored in specially designed containers or tanks. It is a method of storing hydrogen in its gaseous state at high pressures to increase its density and enable practical storage and transportation. Compressed hydrogen is typically stored at pressures ranging from 5,000 to 10,000 pounds per square inch (psi), or approximately 350 to 700 bar. The high-pressure storage allows for a larger amount of hydrogen to be stored within a given volume compared to storing it at standard atmospheric pressure. The tanks used for compressed hydrogen storage are designed to withstand the high pressures and ensure the safe containment of the gas. They are commonly made of materials such as carbon fiber composites, steel, or aluminum alloys. These materials possess the necessary strength and durability to handle the pressure while maintaining safety.

Thera are some constraints of the pressurized hydrogen system with a target pressure of 8 bars can vary depending on the specific application and design requirements. Here are some of them, Pressure Limitations: The primary constraint is maintaining the system pressure at or below the desired target pressure of 8 bars, Material Compatibility: The materials used in the system must be compatible with hydrogen and capable of safely containing it at the desired pressure, Space and Weight Constraints: Depending on the application, there may be limitations on the available space or weight of the pressurized hydrogen system, Safety Standards and Regulations: The design and operation of the system must comply with relevant safety standards and regulations for pressurized hydrogen storage, Cost Considerations: Budgetary constraints can be a factor in determining the optimal solution. The cost of materials, manufacturing processes, and safety features should be evaluated within the constraints of the available budget.

Material Selection

For this project we use steel as the material to optimize the pressurized hydrogen. Steel is a traditional material used for high-pressure gas storage. Steel tanks are known for their durability, high-pressure resistance, and compatibility with hydrogen. EN 10083 steel has good machinability, high permeability, good toughness, easy to polish, even little deformation during quenching and high creep strength and endurance at high temperature.C35, C40, C45, C55, C60 are classified according to EN10020. The steels are generally intended for the manufacture of quenched and tempered, flame or induction hardened machine parts, but alternatively may be supplied in the normalized condition.

Design And Coding

The optimization of the design is for making the hydrogen tank the right space and weight because there maybe some limitation for the tanks and also the cost need to be low based on the budget that we have which is Rp.500.000, so so the calculation for the diameter and the height of the tank is presented below

Initializing Surface Area

import math

def minimize_area(min_capacity):
    area = float('inf')  
    total_dimensions = None

    for radius in range(1, min_capacity * 2):  #Calculate the radius
        height = math.ceil((min_capacity / (math.pi * radius ** 2)))  #Calculate the height

        surface_area = 2 * math.pi * radius * (radius + height)  #Calculate the surface area

        if surface_area < area:
            area = surface_area
            total_dimensions = (radius, height)

    return total_dimensions

#Example usage : find the dimensions of cylindrical structure with a minimum 1 liter capacity
radius, height = minimize_area(1000)

# Output
print("Dimensions with minimum surface area:")
print("Radius:", radius)
print("Height:", height)
print("Surface Area:", 2 * math.pi * radius * (radius + height))

RESULT

Dimensions with minimum surface area:
Radius: 5
Height: 13
Surface Area: 565.4866776461628

Finding Thickness

r = 5e-2 # Radius
p = 800000 # Pressure
t = 2e-3 # Thickness of the EN 10083

while t < 11.05e-3:
  hoop = (p * r) / t
  print('Thickness', t, 'hoop stress =', hoop, "Pa")
  t += 1e-3
if hoop > 215e9: 
  break

OUTPUT

Thickness 0.002 hoop stress = 20000000.0 Pa
Thickness 0.003 hoop stress = 13333333.333333334 Pa
Thickness 0.004 hoop stress = 10000000.0 Pa
Thickness 0.005 hoop stress = 8000000.0 Pa
Thickness 0.006 hoop stress = 6666666.666666667 Pa
Thickness 0.007 hoop stress = 5714285.714285715 Pa
Thickness 0.008 hoop stress = 5000000.0 Pa
Thickness 0.009000000000000001 hoop stress = 4444444.444444444 Pa
Thickness 0.010000000000000002 hoop stress = 3999999.999999999 Pa
Thickness 0.011000000000000003 hoop stress = 3636363.6363636353 Pa

From the result above the estimation of the thickness of the tank is around 7 mm. the cost for the 7 mm EN 10083 C45 steel is Rp 150.000. Because the budget is Rp 500.000 we can make 3 item.