Ibrahim Ardhi Pancamakarim

Hello, my name is Ibrahim Ardhi (2106651105), and I am currently pursuing a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering, University of Indonesia. As a future engineer, I am excited to embark my studies and to keep gain knowledge. Remember, stay concious!

Design & Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage

Optimizing a 1-liter hydrogen storage design within a limited budget requires careful consideration of various factors. Here are a few suggestions to help you achieve an efficient and cost-effective solution:

1. Choose a Cost-Effective Storage Material:

Look for affordable options such as lightweight plastic or composite materials for the storage container. Consider their compatibility with hydrogen and their ability to withstand the required pressure.

2. Cylinder Design:

Optimize for a smaller-sized cylinder to accommodate 1 liter of hydrogen. This will help minimize material costs while meeting the pressure requirement. Consider lightweight materials that are cost-effective, such as aluminum or composite cylinders.

3. Safety Considerations:

Ensure the chosen storage system includes essential safety features such as pressure relief valves and adequate ventilation. These measures are crucial to prevent over-pressurization and ensure the safe storage of hydrogen.

4. Cost-Effective Components:

Select affordable valves, fittings, and seals that meet the pressure requirements and are compatible with the storage material. Research suppliers and compare prices to get the best deal within your budget.

5. Efficient Manufacturing:

Explore cost-effective manufacturing methods, such as injection molding for plastic components or standardized assembly processes. Streamlining the manufacturing process can help reduce costs.

6. System Integration:

Ensure the components of the storage system are properly integrated and sealed to prevent leaks and ensure efficient operation. Test the system for any potential leaks or weaknesses that may impact performance and safety.

7. Performance Testing:

Once the storage system is designed and assembled, conduct performance tests to ensure it meets the required specifications. Evaluate factors such as pressure retention, durability, and overall functionality.

It's important to note that optimizing a hydrogen storage design within a limited budget requires careful consideration of various factors, including material costs, component selection, and manufacturing processes. It may also be helpful to consult with experts or professionals in the field who have experience with hydrogen storage systems to ensure that the design meets safety standards and functional requirements.

It is also crucial to conduct a thorough risk assessment. Here is a list of potential risks to consider during the assessment:

Fire and Explosion: Hydrogen is highly flammable, so there is a risk of fire or explosion if there is a leakage or ignition source. Assess the system's design and materials to ensure they minimize the risk of fire and explosion.

Pressure Overload: If the storage system cannot handle the designated 8-bar pressure limit, there is a risk of rupture or failure. Evaluate the structural integrity of the chosen materials and design to ensure they can withstand the required pressure.

Material Compatibility: Some materials may not be compatible with hydrogen and can lead to embrittlement or other adverse effects. Assess the compatibility of all components, including storage containers, valves, and fittings, to avoid material degradation or failure.

Leakage: Hydrogen is a small molecule that can easily escape through tiny gaps or poorly sealed connections. Assess the system for potential leakage points and ensure proper sealing and connection integrity.

Ventilation: Hydrogen is lighter than air and can accumulate in enclosed spaces, leading to the risk of an explosive atmosphere. Evaluate the ventilation system to ensure adequate air circulation and prevent hydrogen buildup.

Handling and Transport: Risks may arise during the handling and transportation of the hydrogen storage system. Evaluate the potential hazards associated with moving or installing the system, including manual handling, drop risks, or transportation accidents.

Regulatory Compliance: Ensure that the design and implementation of the hydrogen storage system comply with local, national, and international safety regulations and standards. Stay informed about applicable codes and guidelines to mitigate legal and compliance risks.

Maintenance and Inspection: Establish regular maintenance and inspection procedures to monitor the condition of the storage system over time. This helps identify potential risks, such as corrosion, degradation, or component failures, and allows for timely intervention.

Training and Safety Procedures: Provide adequate training to individuals involved in the installation, operation, and maintenance of the hydrogen storage system. Develop comprehensive safety procedures and protocols to mitigate human error and ensure safe practices.

Emergency Response: Have an emergency response plan in place to address any hydrogen-related incidents promptly. Include procedures for evacuation, containment, and contacting emergency services.

Remember, a comprehensive risk assessment should be conducted by individuals with expertise in hydrogen storage systems and safety protocols. They can provide further insights into the specific risks associated with your design and help develop appropriate risk mitigation strategies.

Geometry Constrain Calculation

To optimize hydrogen storage with a capacity of 1 liter, a pressure of 8 bar, and a maximum budget of 500,000, these calculations can be done using Python or manually. The following is the calculation using Python:

import math
from scipy.optimize import minimize

# Define the objective function
def calculate_surface_area(x):
    radius, height = x
    return 2 * math.pi * (radius**2) + 2 * math.pi * radius * height

# Define the volume constraint function
def check_volume_constraint(x):
    radius, height = x
    return math.pi * (radius**2) * height - 1000

# Initial estimation for the radius and height (in mm)
initial_guess = [10, 100]

# Define the bounds for the radius and height (in mm)
bounds = [(0, None), (0, None)]

# Define the volume constraint as an equality constraint
volume_constraint = {'type': 'eq', 'fun': check_volume_constraint}

# Minimize the surface area while satisfying the volume constraint
result = minimize(calculate_surface_area, initial_guess, method='SLSQP', bounds=bounds, constraints=volume_constraint)

# Extract the optimal radius, height, and minimum surface area
optimal_radius = result.x[0] * 10  # Convert back to millimeters
optimal_height = result.x[1] * 10  # Convert back to millimeters
min_surface_area = result.fun * 100  # Convert to square millimeters

# Print the results (in mm)
print(f"\n\nOptimal Radius: {optimal_radius:.2f} mm")
print(f"Optimal Height: {optimal_height:.2f} mm")
print(f"Minimum Surface Area: {min_surface_area:.2f} mm²\n\n")

From the code above, we obtain the following data:
Optimal Radius: 54.19 mm
Optimal Height: 108.38 mm
Minimum Surface Area: 55358.10 mm²

This code is performing an optimization calculation for a geometric problem. Specifically, it aims to minimize the surface area of a cylinder subject to a volume constraint. The cylinder represents a hydrogen storage tank with a given volume capacity. The objective function calculates the surface area of the cylinder, which is to be minimized. The constraint function ensures that the volume of the cylinder meets a specified value (in this case, 1000 units). The `minimize` function from the `scipy.optimize` module is used to find the optimal values for the radius and height of the cylinder that satisfy the volume constraint while minimizing the surface area. The code then prints the optimal values for the radius and height, as well as the minimum surface area achieved.