Nazwan Hafiz Firdaus
Biodata
Nama saya adalah Nazwan Hafiz Firdaus sebagai mahasiswa Teknik Mesin FTUI 2021 dengan NPM 2106727891.
Contents
Tugas Kinematika
Kinematika adalah bagian ilmu fisika yang mempelajari gerakan-gerakan benda tanpa memperhatikan penyebab gerak
Chat GPT Manometer
Ask :
What is Manometer? Answer
A manometer is a device used for measuring pressure, typically of gases and liquids. It consists of a tube that is open at both ends and filled with a liquid, such as water or mercury. The tube is usually bent into a U-shape, with one end connected to the system whose pressure is to be measured, and the other end open to the atmosphere.
When pressure is applied to the system, it causes the liquid in the tube to move, with the height difference between the two sides of the U-tube proportional to the pressure difference. The pressure can be read from a scale marked on the tube, which typically indicates the pressure in units such as pascals, pounds per square inch (psi), or millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Manometers come in different types, including simple manometers, differential manometers, and inclined manometers, each with their own applications and advantages. They are commonly used in various fields, such as fluid mechanics, engineering, and medical applications.
Ask :
how manometer works and what is the equality behind that? Answer :
Manometers work based on the principle of hydrostatics, which states that the pressure at any point in a fluid at rest is equal to the weight of the fluid column above that point. The basic operation of a manometer can be explained as follows:
A U-shaped tube is partially filled with a liquid, such as water or mercury. The two ends of the U-tube are open to the atmosphere, with one end connected to the system whose pressure is to be measured. When pressure is applied to the system, it causes the liquid in the tube to move, with the height difference between the two sides of the U-tube proportional to the pressure difference. The pressure can be read from a scale marked on the tube, which typically indicates the pressure in units such as pascals, pounds per square inch (psi), or millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The principle of hydrostatics can be expressed mathematically as:
P = ρgh
where P is the pressure at a point in a fluid, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the fluid column above the point.
In a manometer, the pressure in the system being measured is balanced by the weight of the liquid column in the U-tube, which is proportional to the height difference between the two sides of the tube. Thus, the pressure in the system can be calculated by measuring the height difference between the two sides of the tube and using the above equation.
The type of liquid used in the manometer depends on the range of pressure being measured and the type of system being tested. Mercury is commonly used in manometers for measuring high-pressure systems, while water or oil is used for lower-pressure applications.
Ask
Is there a condition where the manometer can be used or not Answer:
Manometers are useful for measuring pressure in a wide range of applications, but there are some conditions where they may not be suitable. Here are some examples:
Non-static fluids: Manometers work based on the assumption that the fluid being measured is at rest, i.e., not moving. If the fluid is moving, such as in a flowmeter or a pump, then a manometer may not give accurate readings.
Corrosive fluids: Some fluids can corrode or react with the materials used in the manometer, such as mercury or certain metals. In such cases, a manometer may not be appropriate.
High temperatures: Manometers are typically made of glass or plastic, which can melt or deform at high temperatures. In addition, the expansion of the liquid being measured can affect the accuracy of the reading.
High pressures: While manometers can be used to measure high pressures, the height of the liquid column in the U-tube may become impractically large, making it difficult to read the scale accurately. In such cases, other pressure measuring devices such as Bourdon gauges or strain gauges may be more suitable.
Limited accessibility: In some applications, such as measuring the pressure inside a closed pipe or container, it may be difficult or impossible to connect a manometer to the system. In such cases, other types of pressure measuring devices such as pressure transducers may be more appropriate.
In summary, manometers are a versatile and widely used tool for measuring pressure, but their suitability depends on the specific conditions of the application. It is important to choose the appropriate measuring device based on the requirements of the system being tested.
Ask :
how about the accuracy of manometer?
Answer
The accuracy of a manometer depends on several factors, including the type of manometer, the quality of the components, and the skill of the operator. Here are some factors that can affect the accuracy of a manometer:
Reading resolution: The accuracy of a manometer depends on the smallest increment that can be read from the scale. The more divisions on the scale, the more accurate the reading.
Fluid density: The accuracy of the manometer is affected by the density of the fluid used. If the fluid density changes due to temperature or other factors, it can affect the accuracy of the reading.
Leveling and alignment: Manometers need to be leveled and aligned properly to ensure accurate readings. Any deviation from horizontal or vertical can introduce errors in the reading.
Hysteresis: Some manometers may exhibit hysteresis, which means that the readings may be different when the pressure is increasing or decreasing. This can be due to the properties of the fluid used, or the design of the manometer.
Temperature effects: Changes in temperature can cause the manometer fluid to expand or contract, which can affect the accuracy of the reading. The temperature of the fluid and the manometer itself should be measured and compensated for, if necessary.
Overall, manometers can be very accurate, with some models capable of measuring pressure to within a fraction of a percent. However, the accuracy depends on many factors, and it is important to use the appropriate type of manometer and follow proper operating procedures to ensure accurate readings.
Tugas 1 Manometer
Dalam pengembangan sistem FCC berbasis simulasi online, maka langkah awal yang kami lakukan menganalisis karakteristik fluida pada masing-masing komponen. Saya menganalisis karakterisitik aliran di dalam riser. Sistem riser terdiri dari inlet, 2 titik pengukuran, dan outlet. Pengukuran menggunakan manometer analog. Khusus hasil pengukuran P2 yang menggunakan manometer analog divalidasi dengan manometer U yang berisikan air. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui akurasi manometer analog. Eksperimen ini memerlukan pengetahuan dasar mekanika fluida diantaranya 1) mengetahui prinsip kerja manometer analog dan manometer tipe U 2) mengerti cara membaca hasil tekanan yang terukur 3) memahami satuan dari tekanan yang ada pada alat ukur manometer.
Jawablah pertanyaan ini berdasarkan informasi dari video 1. Jelaskan mekanisme kerja manometer analog 2. Jelaskan mekanisme kerja manometer tipe U (fluida air) 3. Tuliskan hasil pengukuran P1, P2, dan P2 (ketika menggunakan manometer tipe U) 4. Faktor apa yang mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya tekanan 5. Tuliskan satuan yang ada pada manometer tersebut dan konversi ke dalam satuan SI 6. Buatlah skala tekanan pada manometer tersebut
1. Manometer analog terdiri dari 2 bagian ujung, ujung pertama akan diisi cairan dan ujung kedua akan dihubungkan dengan sistem yang tekanannya akan diukur. Ketika tekanan pada sistem naik maka cairan dalam tabung akan turun, begitu pula sebaliknya. Skala pengukuran akan terletak pada tabung kaca.
2. Manometer tipe U terdiri dari dua pipa terhubung yang di isi cairan. pipa pertama terhubung dengan sistem yang akan diukur. Sedangkan pipa kedua akan terhubung dengan tekanan referensi(pipa inlet). Saat tekanan dalam sistem naik, maka cairan di pipa inlet akan naik. Tekanan di dalam sistem dapat dihitung melalui perbedaan ketinggian cairan kedua pipa
3. Manometer Analog
P1 = 100 miliBar , P2 = 1,5 miliBar,
Manometer U
P1 = 1 cm, P2 = 1,2 cm
4. Volume, Sifat dan Jenis zat, ketinggian zat, Temperatur, Gravitasi, Luas permukaan
5. Manometer = Milibar, SI = Pascal Konversi : P1 = 10 kPa P2 =150 Pa
6. 1 milibar = 100 pascal
SoalChatGPT
Hitunglah tekanan hidrostatis yang dialami sebuah benda yang berada di kedalaman 800 meter?
Tekanan hidrostatis pada kedalaman 800 meter dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus:
P = ρgh
di mana P adalah tekanan hidrostatis dalam Pa (Pascal), ρ adalah massa jenis fluida dalam kg/m³ (kilogram per meter kubik), g adalah percepatan gravitasi dalam m/s² (meter per detik kuadrat), dan h adalah kedalaman dalam meter.
Dalam kasus ini, kita akan menghitung tekanan hidrostatis pada kedalaman 800 meter di air laut, di mana massa jenisnya sekitar 1025 kg/m³.
Jadi, substitusikan nilai yang diketahui ke dalam rumus:
P = ρgh = (1025 kg/m³) x (9,81 m/s²) x (800 m) = 8.046.600 Pa
Jadi, tekanan hidrostatis yang dialami oleh benda pada kedalaman 800 meter di air laut adalah sekitar 8.046.600 Pa atau sekitar 8.047 kPa.
Pertemuan 3 Maret 2023
Tekanan hidrostatis adalah tekanan yang timbul di dalam fluida karena adanya berat fluida di atasnya. Tekanan hidrostatis dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus P = ρgh, di mana P adalah tekanan hidrostatis, ρ adalah massa jenis fluida, g adalah percepatan gravitasi, dan h adalah kedalaman fluida dari permukaan.
Gaya hidrostatis adalah gaya yang timbul pada sebuah benda yang terendam di dalam fluida, karena adanya perbedaan tekanan hidrostatis di antara permukaan atas dan permukaan bawah benda tersebut. Gaya hidrostatis dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus F = ρVg, di mana F adalah gaya hidrostatis, ρ adalah massa jenis fluida, V adalah volume benda yang terendam dalam fluida, dan g adalah percepatan gravitasi.
Gaya apung adalah gaya yang timbul pada sebuah benda yang terendam di dalam fluida, karena adanya perbedaan antara berat benda tersebut dengan gaya yang dihasilkan oleh fluida yang menopang benda tersebut. Gaya apung dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus F = ρVg, di mana F adalah gaya apung, ρ adalah massa jenis fluida, V adalah volume benda yang terendam dalam fluida, dan g adalah percepatan gravitasi. Gaya apung ini juga terkait dengan hukum Archimedes yang menyatakan bahwa sebuah benda yang terendam dalam fluida akan mengalami gaya apung yang besarnya sama dengan berat fluida yang dipindahkan oleh benda tersebut.
Diskusi dengan chat GPT Nazwan :
what is the different of hydrostatics force and hydrostatic pressure? Hydrostatic force and hydrostatic pressure are related concepts in fluid mechanics, but they refer to different aspects of the behavior of fluids at rest.
Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest on any object or surface immersed in the fluid. It is a scalar quantity that depends on the depth of the object or surface below the surface of the fluid and the density of the fluid. The hydrostatic pressure at any point in a fluid is the same in all directions and is transmitted equally in all directions.
Hydrostatic force, on the other hand, refers to the force exerted by a fluid at rest on any object immersed in the fluid. It is a vector quantity that depends on the pressure and the area of the object in contact with the fluid. The hydrostatic force on an object is equal to the product of the hydrostatic pressure and the area of the object in contact with the fluid. The direction of the hydrostatic force is perpendicular to the surface of the object in contact with the fluid and is directed towards the fluid.
In summary, hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest on any object or surface immersed in the fluid, while hydrostatic force is the force exerted by a fluid at rest on any object immersed in the fluid.
Nazwan:
what is the different of hydrostatics force and bouyance?
Hydrostatic force and buoyancy are related concepts in fluid mechanics, but they refer to different aspects of the behavior of fluids.
Hydrostatic force refers to the force exerted by a fluid at rest on any object immersed in the fluid. It is a vector quantity that depends on the pressure and the area of the object in contact with the fluid. The hydrostatic force on an object is equal to the product of the hydrostatic pressure and the area of the object in contact with the fluid. The direction of the hydrostatic force is perpendicular to the surface of the object in contact with the fluid and is directed towards the fluid.
Buoyancy, on the other hand, is the upward force exerted by a fluid on any object immersed in the fluid, which opposes the weight of the object. It is the result of the pressure difference between the top and the bottom of an object in the fluid, due to the fluid's density and the height of the object in the fluid. Buoyancy is responsible for making objects float in fluids, and its magnitude is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
In summary, hydrostatic force is the force exerted by a fluid on any object immersed in the fluid, while buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on any object immersed in the fluid, which opposes the weight of the object.
Nazwan :
why hydrostatics force is strong in depth ?
Hydrostatic force depends on the pressure exerted by the fluid at rest on an object immersed in the fluid, and the pressure in a fluid at rest increases with depth. This is because the weight of the fluid above any point in the fluid increases with depth, resulting in an increase in pressure at that point.
The increase in pressure with depth can be explained by the hydrostatic equation, which relates the pressure at any point in a fluid at rest to the depth of the point below the surface of the fluid, the density of the fluid, and the acceleration due to gravity. The hydrostatic equation states that the pressure at a point in the fluid is equal to the product of the density of the fluid, the acceleration due to gravity, and the depth of the point below the surface of the fluid.
As the depth increases, the weight of the fluid above the point also increases, resulting in a larger pressure at that point. This increase in pressure with depth is why hydrostatic force is strong in depth. The magnitude of the hydrostatic force on an object immersed in a fluid increases with depth, as the force is proportional to the pressure and the area of the object in contact with the fluid. Therefore, the deeper an object is immersed in a fluid, the greater the hydrostatic force it experiences.
Jawaban Tugas Pada CCIT :
Praktek Pengukuran Tekanan
Praktikum ini dilakukan pada Sabtu, 4 Maret 2023 di Lab CCIT Kukusan.
Kami mencoba setidaknya 3 alat untuk mengukur tekanan yaitu Manometer Analog, Manometer tipe U, dan Pressure Transducer.
Pada manometer analog terdapat fluida tertentu (biasanya cairan) ke dalam bagian pengukur tekanan. Ketika fluida kerja dipompa ke dalam bagian pengukur, tekanan dalam bagian pengukur akan meningkat. Tekanan tersebut akan disalurkan melalui selang atau pipa ke bagian penunjuk atau indikator. Melalui cara kerja tersebut akan diperoleh angka tekanan yang dapat dilihat langsung pada bagian indikator
Manometer tipe U adalah sistem pipa berbentuk u dengan fluida yang memiliki ketinggian setara di keadaan awal. Ketika salah satu ujung diberikan tekanan, maka akan terdapat perbedaan ketinggian. Dengan menggunakan persamaan P = ρ.g.h maka akan diperoleh tekanan yang diberikan ke dalam manometer.
Pressure transducer adalah sensor yang digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan dan mengubahnya menjadi sinyal listrik yang dapat diproses oleh perangkat elektronik. Kelebihan pressure transducer dengan alat ukur tekanan yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya adalah pressure transducer mampu mengukur tekanan secara real-time melalui arduino dengan program tertentu.
Setiap alat ukur juga memiliki akurasi dan range pengukuran yang berbeda-beda, missalnya untuk manometer tipe u dengan fluida air hanya dapat mengukur tekanan sampai 3000 Pa dan ketelitian perbedaan ketinggian yang dapat diperoleh hanya sampai 5 mm. Oleh karena itu sebelum kita mengukur tekanan sebaiknya menentukan terlebih dahulu apa alat pengukur yang tepat.
Pertanyaan Selama Praktikum
Suatu Manometer tipe U diberikan tekanan 3000 Pa, berapakah perubahan ketinggian fluida jika fluida yang digunakan berupa
a. Minyak
b. Raksa
Jawab :
a. ρ minyak : 800 kg/m^3
P = ρ.g.h
3000 = 800*10*h
h = 0,375 m = 37,5 cm
b. ρ raksa : 13.500 kg/m^3
P = ρ.g.h
3000 = 13.500 * 10*h
h = 0.0222 m= 2,22 cm
Diskusi Dengan Chat GPT
Nazwan : How many type of pressure gauge?
There are several types of pressure gauges, including:
Bourdon Tube Gauge: This is the most common type of pressure gauge and works by measuring the pressure-induced deflection of a curved metal tube.
Diaphragm Gauge: This type of gauge uses a flexible diaphragm to measure pressure. As the pressure increases, the diaphragm flexes and moves a mechanical pointer.
Bellows Gauge: This gauge works by using a sealed metal bellows that expands or contracts as the pressure changes. The movement of the bellows is translated into a reading on a dial.
Digital Gauge: This type of gauge uses electronic sensors to measure pressure and displays the reading digitally.
Differential Pressure Gauge: This gauge is used to measure the difference in pressure between two points. It typically consists of two pressure sensors connected by a tube.
Compound Gauge: This gauge measures both positive and negative pressures, such as those found in vacuum systems.
Absolute Pressure Gauge: This gauge measures pressure relative to a perfect vacuum (i.e., absolute zero pressure).
Vacuum Gauge: This type of gauge is designed specifically to measure low pressures, typically found in vacuum systems.
There are also many other specialized types of pressure gauges used in specific industries or applications.
Nazwan :
What is the most accurate of pressure gauge?
The accuracy of a pressure gauge depends on several factors, including the type of gauge, the quality of construction, and the calibration of the gauge.
In general, digital pressure gauges tend to be the most accurate, with typical accuracies ranging from 0.1% to 0.25% of full scale. These gauges use electronic sensors to measure pressure and can provide highly accurate readings with very low levels of hysteresis and repeatability errors.
However, it's worth noting that the accuracy of any pressure gauge can be affected by factors such as temperature, vibration, and the type of fluid being measured. In order to ensure the highest level of accuracy, it's important to select a gauge that is appropriate for the specific application and to calibrate the gauge regularly according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Nazwan:
how to choose the right pressure gauge?
Choosing the right pressure gauge depends on several factors, including the application requirements, the type of fluid being measured, and the environment in which the gauge will be used. Here are some general guidelines for selecting the right pressure gauge:
Determine the pressure range: The pressure gauge you select should be capable of measuring the full range of pressures that you need to monitor. It's important to choose a gauge with a range that exceeds the maximum pressure you expect to encounter in order to prevent damage to the gauge.
Consider the type of fluid: Different fluids can have different properties that can affect the accuracy and reliability of pressure measurements. For example, corrosive fluids can damage the gauge or affect its readings, while viscous fluids can cause pressure drop and affect the accuracy of the measurement. Be sure to select a gauge that is compatible with the type of fluid being measured.
Choose the appropriate gauge type: As mentioned earlier, there are several types of pressure gauges available. Choose the type that best fits the application requirements and environment. For example, a diaphragm gauge may be more appropriate for measuring low pressures in a corrosive environment, while a digital gauge may be more suitable for high-pressure applications that require high accuracy.
Consider environmental factors: Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and vibration can affect the performance of the gauge. Be sure to select a gauge that is designed to withstand the environmental conditions in which it will be used.
Ensure calibration and accuracy: Once you have selected a gauge, ensure that it is calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications and that it provides accurate and reliable readings. Regular calibration is necessary to maintain the accuracy of the gauge over time.
By considering these factors, you can select the right pressure gauge for your specific application and ensure accurate and reliable pressure measurements.
Tugas 3 Kinematika Fluida(1)
1. Apa itu aliran steady state? Berikan contohnya dalam fenomena nyata?
2. Apa itu Lagrange Method dan Euleriang Method?
3. Apa perbedaan antara aliran uniform dan aliran non-uniform? Berikan contohnya dalam fenomena nyata
4. Apa itu aliran laminar dan aliran turbulen? Apa perbedaan keduanya?
5. Apa itu streamline, streakline, dan pathline?
Jawaban :
1.Aliran steady state adalah jenis aliran fluida yang mana kondisinya tidak berubah seiring waktu. dimana, kecepatan, tekanan, dan sifat-sifat lain dari fluida tidak berubah di suatu titik tertentu dalam sistem. Contoh aliran steady state dalam fenomena nyata adalah aliran air melalui pipa yang diameternya konstan(Pada kenyataannya aliran steady state sangat sulit terjadi di dunia nyata).
2. Lagrange Method dan Eulerian Method adalah dua metode numerik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis aliran fluida dalam mekanika fluida. Lagrange Method melacak pergerakan partikel fluida individual di seluruh ruang dan waktu, sedangkan Eulerian Method memodelkan aliran fluida sebagai suatu medan yang dipetakan dalam ruang dan waktu. Metode Lagrange digunakan untuk menghitung pergerakan partikel individual dalam aliran, sedangkan metode Euler digunakan untuk memodelkan aliran secara keseluruhan.
3. Aliran uniform adalah aliran fluida yang memiliki kecepatan yang sama di seluruh titik dalam sistem. Contohnya adalah aliran air dalam saluran air yang lurus dan dengan diameter konstan.Contoh aliran uniform adalah aliran air dalam saluran pipa yang lurus dan memiliki diameter yang konstan. Aliran non-uniform adalah aliran fluida yang kecepatannya bervariasi di berbagai titik dalam sistem. Contohnya adalah aliran air dalam sungai yang berliku-liku dan memiliki aliran yang berbeda-beda di setiap titiknya.
4. Aliran laminar dan aliran turbulen adalah dua jenis aliran fluida yang berbeda dalam sifat dan perilaku. Aliran laminar terjadi ketika fluida mengalir secara teratur dan bergerak dalam lapisan-lapisan yang paralel satu sama lain. Aliran turbulen terjadi ketika fluida bergerak secara acak dan tidak teratur. Perbedaan utama antara keduanya adalah bahwa aliran laminar terjadi pada kecepatan rendah atau sedang, sedangkan aliran turbulen terjadi pada kecepatan yang lebih tinggi.
5. Streamline adalah garis imajiner yang menunjukkan arah aliran fluida pada setiap titik dalam sistem. Streakline adalah garis yang menunjukkan jejak partikel fluida selama suatu periode waktu tertentu. Pathline adalah garis yang menunjukkan pergerakan partikel fluida individual dalam suatu sistem selama suatu periode waktu tertentu.
Pertemuan Jum'at 10 Maret 2023
Pada Jum'at tanggal 10 maret kami tidak belajar di dalam kelas seperti biasanya. Kami melakukan pengamatan terhadap fluida secara langsung di alam. kami mengamati aliran solokan dan menghubungkan dengan materi yang di pelajari yaitu mengenai Streamline, Pathline dan Streakline.
Stream line titik titik singgung lintasan fluida yang membentuk garis Desain aerodinamis Path line : titik2 yang dilalui fluida membentuk garis (polusi cerobong asap) Streak line : garis yang dibentuk titik2 fluida dari sumber yg sama
Steady - Unsteady : fluktuasi gaya, temperatur, tekanan. Steady state : semuanya bakal berimpit Unsteady : bakal berbeda jalurnya Stream line titik titik singgung lintasan fluida yang membentuk garis Desain aerodinamis Path line : titik2 yang dilalui fluida membentuk garis (polusi cerobong asap) Streak line : garis yang dibentuk titik2 fluida dari sumber yg sama
Steady - Unsteady : fluktuasi gaya, temperatur, tekanan. Steady state : semuanya bakal berimpit Unsteady : bakal berbeda jalurnya Stream line titik titik singgung lintasan fluida yang membentuk garis Desain aerodinamis Path line : titik2 yang dilalui fluida membentuk garis (polusi cerobong asap) Streak line : garis yang dibentuk titik2 fluida dari sumber yg sama
Steady - Unsteady : fluktuasi gaya, temperatur, tekanan. Steady state : semuanya bakal berimpit Unsteady : bakal berbeda jalurnya
