Difference between revisions of "Tarrant Anargiya Ziva"
| Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
| + | '''Thickness formula for longitudinal stress direction :''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> | ||
| + | print ("with reference to some data that we have obtained, we can determine the minimum\nthickness of the vessel, with the following data :\n ") | ||
| + | |||
| + | print ("the value of E : 0.85 ") | ||
| + | print ("the value of P (psi) : 116 psi") | ||
| + | print ("the value of R (inch) : 1,97 inch ") | ||
| + | print ("the value of S (psi) : 24000 psi ") | ||
| + | print ("the value of corrosion allowance (inch) : 0.04 inch \n") | ||
| + | |||
| + | E = 0.85 | ||
| + | P = 116 | ||
| + | R = 1.97 | ||
| + | S = 24000 | ||
| + | |||
| + | corrosion_allowance = 0.04 | ||
| + | |||
| + | # Calculate t circumferential | ||
| + | t_circumferential = P * (R + corrosion_allowance) / ((S * E) - (E * P)) | ||
| + | final_t_circumferential = t_circumferential + corrosion_allowance | ||
| + | |||
| + | # Calculate t longitudinal | ||
| + | t_longitudinal = P * (R + corrosion_allowance) / ((2 * S * E) + (0.4 * P)) | ||
| + | final_t_longitudinal = t_longitudinal + corrosion_allowance | ||
| + | |||
| + | if final_t_circumferential > final_t_longitudinal: | ||
| + | minimum_thickness = final_t_circumferential | ||
| + | else: | ||
| + | minimum_thickness = final_t_longitudinal | ||
| + | |||
| + | print ("results : \n") | ||
| + | |||
| + | print(f"Final T Circumferential = {final_t_circumferential:.4f} inch") | ||
| + | print(f"Final T Longitudinal = {final_t_longitudinal:.4f} inch\n") | ||
| + | print(f"Hence, minimum thickness is {minimum_thickness:.4f} inch\n") | ||
| + | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
===Reference=== | ===Reference=== | ||
Revision as of 17:51, 11 June 2023
Introduction
Halo semua, perkenalkan nama saya Tarrant Anargiya Ziva, biasa dipanggil Tarrant
NPM : 2106652146
Kelas : Metode Numerik-03
"فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ"
[I] Consciousness
Consciousness refers to the state of being aware of and able to perceive both the external world and one's internal mental experiences. It is often described as the subjective experience of thoughts, sensations, emotions, and perceptions. While consciousness is a deeply complex and multifaceted phenomenon, it is generally characterized by qualities such as self-awareness, subjective experience, and the ability to process and integrate information.
[II] Hydrogen Storage
Bahan bakar hidrogen merupakan energi terbarukan yang dapat dikatakan bahan bakar alternatif ramah lingkungan dan berpotensi menggantikan bahan bakar bensin di masa yang akan datang. Bahan bakar hidrogen dapat dikonversi menjadi energi listrik menggunakan suatu unit yang dinamakan dengan hydrogen fuel cell.
Salah satu permasalahannya adalah cara penyimpanannya, karena volumetric energy density-nya yang rendah dan merupakan yang paling ringan serta paling sederhana dari semua elemen, lebih ringan dari helium, sehingga mudah hilang ke atmosfer.
Tantangan lainnya adalah titik didih hidrogen cair yang sangat rendah (−252,8°C), yang berarti hidrogen cair perlu disimpan secara cryogenic pada suhu rendah. Menyimpan hidrogen sebagai gas juga memiliki tantangan tersendiri karena biasanya memerlukan penggunaan tangki bertekanan tinggi (350-700 bar atau 5.000-10.000 psi).
Optimization
Spesifikasi :
A) Kapasitas : 1 Liter
B) Tekanan : 8 Bar
Material: Tangki harus dirancang untuk menahan persyaratan tekanan dan volume yang diinginkan. Faktor-faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan meliputi ketebalan dinding, bentuk, dan metode perkuatan. Biasanya dapat komposit seperti karbon dan serat kaca, atau baja paduan tinggi seperti AISI 316L untuk tangki bertekanan tinggi.
Desain: Kita dapat mengambil bentuk silinder untuk meminimalisir tekanan yang terpusat pada sudut-sudut, jika mengambil bentuk yang memiliki sudut. Kita juga perlu memastikan desain tangki mematuhi standar-standar yang menentukan prinsip-prinsip desain tangki bertekanan. Selin itu, kita hrus mempertimbangkan faktor keamanan terhadap kegagalan, minimal 2.0 untuk tangki bertekanan. Dengan tangki silinder, tebal dinding (t) dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus berikut:
t = P x r / (σ - P)
P = tekanan dalam tangki (8 bar = 800.000 Pascal) r = Jari-Jari Tangki σ = Tegangan izin material tangki
Safety Measure: Hidrogen sangat mudah terbakar dan membutuhkan perlakuan khusus. Kita dapat menambahkan fitur keselamatan seperti perangkat pelepas tekanan, burst disc, dan sensor suhu untuk mengurangi potensi risiko.Tangki juga harus dilengkapi dengan katup pengaman tekanan atau safety valve untuk melindungi terhadap kondisi overpressure. -
Untuk tangki hidrogen 1 Liter, kita gunakan diameter 10 cm, maka kita cari tingginya dengan rumus volume :
1 Liter = 1000 cm^3
v = π x r x r x h
1000 = 3.14 x 5 x 5 x h
h= 12,738 cm^3
Pemilihan Material Material yang digunakan adalah sheet metal ASTM A36 dengan yield strength 36.000 Psi
Allowable Stress = 2/3 x sy = 24.000 Psi
Rumus ketebalan untuk arah tegangan longitudinal :
t = PR/(2SE + 0.4P)
E = 0,60 (Single-welded butt joint)
P = 8 bar = 116 Psi
R = 30 mm = 1,18 inch
S = 24.000 Psi
Corrosion allowance = 1 mm = 0,039 inch
t = 116 x (1,18+0,039)/ (2 x 24.000 x 0,60) + (0,4 x 116) t = 0,049 inch atau 1,24 mm
To optimize a tube with a fixed radius of 5 cm and a volume of 1000 cm³, we can find the height that minimizes the surface area of the tube. Here's the Python code to calculate the optimized height:
import math
from scipy.optimize import minimize
def calculate_surface_area(radius, height):
base_area = math.pi * radius**2
lateral_area = 2 * math.pi * radius * height
return base_area + lateral_area
def calculate_volume(radius, height):
return math.pi * radius**2 * height
def objective_function(height):
return calculate_surface_area(5, height)
def volume_constraint(height):
return calculate_volume(5, height) - 1000 # Constraint: volume - 1000 = 0
# Optimization
result = minimize(objective_function, x0=500, constraints={'type': 'eq', 'fun': volume_constraint})
optimized_height = result.x[0]
optimized_surface_area = result.fun
# Print the optimized height and surface area
print(f"The optimized height for a tube with radius 5 cm is {optimized_height:.2f} cm.")
print(f"The corresponding minimum surface area is {optimized_surface_area:.2f} cm².")
The optimized height for a tube with radius 5 cm : 12.73 cm
The corresponding minimum surface area : 478.54 cm²
Thickness formula for longitudinal stress direction :
print ("with reference to some data that we have obtained, we can determine the minimum\nthickness of the vessel, with the following data :\n ")
print ("the value of E : 0.85 ")
print ("the value of P (psi) : 116 psi")
print ("the value of R (inch) : 1,97 inch ")
print ("the value of S (psi) : 24000 psi ")
print ("the value of corrosion allowance (inch) : 0.04 inch \n")
E = 0.85
P = 116
R = 1.97
S = 24000
corrosion_allowance = 0.04
# Calculate t circumferential
t_circumferential = P * (R + corrosion_allowance) / ((S * E) - (E * P))
final_t_circumferential = t_circumferential + corrosion_allowance
# Calculate t longitudinal
t_longitudinal = P * (R + corrosion_allowance) / ((2 * S * E) + (0.4 * P))
final_t_longitudinal = t_longitudinal + corrosion_allowance
if final_t_circumferential > final_t_longitudinal:
minimum_thickness = final_t_circumferential
else:
minimum_thickness = final_t_longitudinal
print ("results : \n")
print(f"Final T Circumferential = {final_t_circumferential:.4f} inch")
print(f"Final T Longitudinal = {final_t_longitudinal:.4f} inch\n")
print(f"Hence, minimum thickness is {minimum_thickness:.4f} inch\n")Reference
Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (2010). Hydrogen Storage. Energy.gov. https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage
What is Hydrogen Storage and How Does it Work? (n.d.). Www.twi-Global.com. https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-hydrogen-storage#WhyisitDifficulttoStoreHydrogen
