Ahmad Naufal 'Alim Arrasyid

Intro

Halo, perkenalkan saya Ahmad Naufal 'Alim Arrasyid mahasiswa departemen teknik mesin paralel 2021 dengan NM 2106653205. Saat ini saya sedang menimba ilmu di kelas Metode Numerik - 03 dengan Bapak DAI.

Progress Update Week One

What is a Hydrogen Storage? A hydrogen storage tank is a specialized container designed to store and hold hydrogen gas safely and efficiently. Hydrogen, being the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, is increasingly being considered as a potential energy carrier for various applications, including transportation, energy storage, and industrial processes.

Hydrogen storage tanks are crucial for enabling the practical use and transportation of hydrogen gas. They need to meet specific requirements to ensure the safety and integrity of the stored hydrogen. Here are some key aspects of hydrogen storage tanks:

1. Material: Hydrogen storage tanks are typically constructed using high-strength materials capable of containing the high-pressure hydrogen gas. Common materials include steel, carbon fiber composites, aluminum, or a combination of these materials. The chosen material must exhibit suitable strength, durability, and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

2. Pressure: Hydrogen is often stored under high pressure to maximize its energy density. Hydrogen storage tanks can be categorized into three main types based on pressure levels: high-pressure tanks (350-700 bar), medium-pressure tanks (100-350 bar), and low-pressure tanks (up to 100 bar). The pressure rating depends on the application and the amount of hydrogen to be stored.

3. Tank Design: Hydrogen storage tanks come in various designs, including cylindrical, spherical, or prismatic shapes. Each design offers specific advantages in terms of storage capacity, weight, and structural integrity. For example, spherical tanks are known for their high volumetric capacity, while cylindrical tanks are relatively easier to manufacture.

4. Safety Measures: Safety is of paramount importance in hydrogen storage. Tanks are equipped with safety features such as pressure relief devices, rupture discs, and thermal management systems to prevent overpressure situations, manage temperature variations, and minimize the risk of explosion or leakage.

5. Insulation: To minimize hydrogen losses and maintain the desired temperature, storage tanks may be insulated. Insulation helps reduce heat transfer, prevents hydrogen boil-off, and improves overall energy efficiency.

It's worth noting that the development of advanced hydrogen storage technologies is an active area of research. Researchers are exploring alternative methods for hydrogen storage, such as solid-state materials, metal hydrides, chemical storage systems, and cryogenic storage, to enhance storage capacity, safety, and cost-effectiveness.

Overall, hydrogen storage tanks play a crucial role in the practical utilization and distribution of hydrogen as an energy carrier, providing a means to store and transport this versatile gas for a wide range of applications.

Hydrogen Tank Design and Optimization

For designing and optimizating of a 1-liter pressurized hydrogen with a maximum of an 8-bar pressure storage tank capability:

Pressure Rating:

Design the tank to withstand a pressure of 8 bar (800 kPa) with a safety margin to accommodate pressure fluctuations and ensure long-term reliability.

Volume and Dimensions:

Total storage volume: 1 liter (1000 cm³). Optimize the tank dimensions to maximize volumetric efficiency while considering factors like weight, structural integrity, and space constraints.

Material Selection:

Conduct an in-depth material analysis considering multiple factors, including hydrogen compatibility, permeation rates, fatigue resistance, embrittlement, and long-term durability. Explore advanced materials, such as high-strength alloys, composite materials, or novel nanostructured materials, to enhance strength-to-weight ratio and improve performance.

Safety Features:

Pressure Relief Device: Implement an advanced pressure relief system with multiple redundant valves and an electronic monitoring system for precise pressure control and rapid response. Fail-Safe Mechanism: Incorporate a fail-safe mechanism that automatically activates in the event of a critical failure, ensuring safe containment and preventing catastrophic incidents. Integrated Fire Suppression System: Integrate an automatic fire suppression system that can detect and extinguish hydrogen fires in and around the storage tank, enhancing safety in case of accidents.

Structural Considerations:

Advanced Stress Analysis: Utilize advanced simulation techniques, such as finite element analysis (FEA), to analyze stress distribution, fatigue life, and failure modes under various operating conditions. Composite Reinforcement: Investigate the use of advanced composite materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), with tailored fiber orientations to optimize strength, weight, and resistance to fatigue and impact. Multi-Layered Design: Explore multi-layered tank configurations with optimized material combinations, such as an inner liner for hydrogen containment, a middle layer for structural strength, and an outer layer for thermal insulation and protection.

Testing and Certification:

Perform extensive testing and validation, including burst tests, cyclic loading tests, impact resistance tests, and thermal cycling tests, to ensure the tank meets or exceeds industry standards and safety requirements. Obtain certifications from recognized regulatory bodies, such as ISO 11439 or ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, demonstrating compliance with relevant safety standards for hydrogen storage.

Optimization Considerations:

Advanced Optimization Algorithms: Employ advanced optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithms or machine learning-based algorithms, to optimize the tank's shape, dimensions, material distribution, and reinforcement patterns for improved performance and reduced weight. Integrated Sensors and Controls: Implement an intelligent control system that utilizes real-time sensor data to dynamically adjust pressure, temperature, and other parameters to optimize hydrogen storage conditions and enhance system efficiency. Active Thermal Management: Incorporate an active cooling system, such as a liquid cooling loop or phase-change materials, to manage temperature fluctuations and prevent hydrogen overheating during charging and discharging.

This expanded design and optimization approach encompasses a range of complex considerations to ensure the safety, performance, and efficiency of the 1-liter pressurized hydrogen storage tank with an 8-bar pressure capability.