Difference between revisions of "Marvellyno Indru Kalwani"

From ccitonlinewiki
Jump to: navigation, search
 
(52 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 10: Line 10:
 
== Design & Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage ==
 
== Design & Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage ==
  
Wahid Amir Chairudin
 
Introduction
 
Wahid AC.jpg
 
  
Perkenalkan nama saya Wahid Amir Chairudin, biasa dipanggil Wahid
+
  
Saya lahir di Kota Surakarta pada tanggal 10 April 2002
+
'''Objective''' : Design and Optimization Of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage
  
Saat ini selama saya menjalankan perkuliahan, saya bertempat tinggal di rumah indekos di daerah Kukusan, Beji, Depok.
+
'''Spesification''' :
 
 
Saya adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Perkapalan - Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, dengan NPM 2106708570
 
 
 
 
 
Resume Perkuliahan 1 - 26 Mei 2023
 
[Tempat Perkuliahan : Gedung S.305 || Waktu Perkuliahan  : 16.00 - 17.40]
 
 
 
Pada pertemuan pertama ini kita membahas beberapa hal terkait dengan introduction dan konsep dasar pembelajaran di kelas Metode Numerik.
 
 
 
Di awal kelas Pak Ahmad Indra Siswantara (DAI) memberikan penjelasan tentang ketertarikan mahasiswa terhadap mata kuliah metode numerik. Pak Dai menekankan bahwa sebagai mahasiswa kita harus memaksimalkan potensi diri kita selagi usia kita masih muda dan berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk memahami apa yang sedang kita pelajari dan kita ikuti selama menajalani kelas perkuliahan.
 
 
 
Di masa kini, ada teknologi yang dinamakan Chat GPT yang dapat kita gunakan secara maksimal untuk mendapatkan dan mencari data - data konkrit dari sebuah materi yang kita bingungkan.
 
 
 
Pak DAI juga menjelaskan terkait dengan metode ujian yang nantinya akan diterapkan di kelas yang beliau ampu. Metode ujian yang digunakan adalah "Blank Paper Question Sheet" dimana mahasiswa diberikan kesempatan untuk menulis dan membuat materi serta pertanyaan yang akan dibuat masing - masing oleh mahasiswa mengenai segala macam ilmu yang sudah didapatkan selama mengikuti kelas perkuliahan. Pak DAI mengharapkan mahasiswa mengerti tentang materi yang sudah disampaikan selama mengikuti perkuliahan dan dituangkan kedalam kertas yang diberikan.
 
 
 
Pak DAI pada pertemuan pertama juga menunjuk beberapa mahasiswa untuk menjelaskan apa yang mereka dapat selama mengikuti kelas perkuliahan Metode Numerik.
 
 
 
Kemudian, Pak DAI juga me-remind tentang materi apa yang dikirimkan di Grup WA dan juga menjelaskan sekilas tentang penugasan kepada mahasiswa untuk membuat dan mengoptimasi tabung hydrogen yang diberikan batasan berupa produksi dari tabung tersebut harus kurang dari Rp500.000 . Alasan tugas ini diberikan karena mengingat energy hydrogen ini di masa depan diharapkan bisa menjadi solusi energi yang tidak menimbulkan polusi dan juga tidak menjadi sampah akibat pertukaran energi.
 
 
 
Pada akhir sesi perkuliahan Pak DAI memberikan case study dan juga analogi pendekatan yang menginspirasi mahasiswa untuk lebih giat dalam menuntut ilmu dan juga mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan YME, agar di dalam perjalanan perkuliahan kita senantiasa mengingat bahwa segalanya tidak ada yang sempurna dan pasti kecuali Yang Maha Esa.
 
 
 
 
 
Design & Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage
 
H2Storage.jpg
 
 
 
Objective : Design and Optimization Of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage
 
 
 
Spesification :
 
  
 
Capacity  : 1 Litres
 
Capacity  : 1 Litres
Line 52: Line 21:
 
Pressure Level  : 8 bar
 
Pressure Level  : 8 bar
  
Limitation : Cost should not exceed Rp.500.000
+
'''Limitation''' :  
 +
Cost should not exceed Rp.500.000
 +
 
  
 +
'''Week 1 progress'''
  
Week 1 Progress
+
Before we dive deeper into the design & optimization phases, we must consciously understand the factors and processes involved in designing and optimizing the hydrogen storage first. ChatGPT helped me comprehensively to explain the factors and processes.
  
In week 1 I did some research on Hydrogen Storage and some of the limitations that have been set for this assignment. I Consciously think that to collect some data related to what needs are needed to understand the basics of designing and optimizing Hydrogen Storage. There are lots of considerations that must be collected and must be researched if we want to optimize a product that already exists. Collecting data in a short time will certainly be a challenge. This is where I have a solution for using AI technology that is being widely discussed in the world, namely the GPT Chat. GPT Chat provides many outlines of considerations that we can use in designing and optimizing a tool or product.
+
'''Prompt''': "Explain to me comprehensively the factors and processes in designing and optimizing a compact pressurized hydrogen storage with limited cost"
 +
Designing and optimizing a compact pressurized hydrogen storage system with limited cost involves considering several factors and processes. Here's a comprehensive overview of the key considerations:
  
 +
'''Storage Method'''
  
ChatGPT Response
+
Pressurized hydrogen storage involves storing hydrogen gas at high pressures. One common method is using high-pressure cylinders made of lightweight, strong materials such as carbon fiber composites or advanced metals like aluminum alloys. Other options include metal hydride storage or cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, but we'll focus on pressurized storage for this explanation.
  
ChatGPT provides several considerations and steps that we can take and examine in optimizing Hydrogen Storage. Among them are: Tank Selection, Tank Material, Tank Safety, Cost Optimization, and several other additions
+
'''Storage Capacity
 +
'''
  
 +
Determine the required storage capacity in terms of hydrogen mass or volume. This will depend on the application and the desired range or usage time before refueling. Consider factors such as vehicle range, energy demand, or the specific requirements of the system you're designing.
  
System Requirements
+
'''Pressure Level'''
  
The initial system requirements that must be considered before designing and optimizing Hydrogen Storage include the selection of tanks and their materials, pressure regulators, valves and fittings as well as safety features that are applied to the Hydrogen Storage.
+
Select an appropriate pressure level based on safety, storage efficiency, and system requirements. Higher pressures provide greater storage capacity but require stronger materials, leading to increased costs. Common pressure levels for pressurized hydrogen storage range from 350 bar (5,076 psi) to 700 bar (10,152 psi).
  
 +
'''Material Selection'''
  
Storage Method
+
Choose materials that can withstand the desired pressure level while minimizing weight and cost. Carbon fiber composite materials are widely used due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, but they can be expensive. Aluminum alloys provide a good balance between strength, weight, and cost.
  
In this case the storage method that we can use within the limits specified above is Cryogenic Tanks where this storage method involves storing hydrogen in liquid form at very low temperatures. Cryogenic tanks, often insulated vessels, are used to store and maintain hydrogen in its liquid state.
+
'''Tank Design'''
  
 +
Optimize the tank design to maximize storage capacity while adhering to safety regulations and minimizing costs. Consider factors such as tank shape, volume, thickness, and the number of tanks required. Advanced design techniques like finite element analysis can help determine the optimal tank shape and thickness distribution.
  
Material Selection
+
'''Safety Measures'''
  
Choose a gas cylinder made of steel, as it is generally more affordable than other materials like aluminum alloy. Steel cylinders are widely used for compressed gas storage and offer good strength and durability.
+
Ensure the storage system meets safety standards to prevent leaks, ruptures, or explosions. This involves using certified materials, incorporating pressure relief devices, and designing structural reinforcements to withstand potential accidents. Safety should always be a top priority in hydrogen storage design.
  
 +
'''Hydrogen Purity'''
  
System Design
+
Consider the required hydrogen purity for your specific application. Depending on the end-use, such as fuel cells, certain contaminants like moisture or impurities can be detrimental. Incorporate purification systems if needed, which may increase the overall system cost.
  
In developing and optimizing the detailed Hydrogen storage for storage systems, we consider factors such as vessel shape, internal volume, structural integrity, valve placement and fitting, thermal management, and pressure relief mechanisms. The design software that can help us to do the design is computer-assisted (CAD) which can also be combined with other mechanical analysis software such as Ansys or other CFD analysis.
+
'''Refueling Considerations'''
  
 +
Design the storage system to facilitate efficient refueling processes. Consider aspects such as refueling time, connection mechanisms, and compatibility with refueling infrastructure. Faster and more accessible refueling can enhance the usability and practicality of hydrogen storage systems.
  
Safety Measures
+
'''Cost Optimization'''
  
Ensure that the selected tank has proper safety features, such as pressure relief mechanisms and valves, to prevent over-pressurization. It should comply with safety standards like ISO 11119 for gas cylinders, ISO 16111 or ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
+
Minimize costs by considering factors such as material selection, manufacturing processes, and economies of scale. Explore different manufacturing techniques, such as filament winding or automated fiber placement, to optimize production costs. Additionally, identifying cost-effective suppliers and exploring potential cost-saving innovations can help reduce overall expenses.
  
 +
'''System Integration'''
  
Optimization Techniques
+
Ensure seamless integration of the hydrogen storage system with the overall application or infrastructure. Consider factors like system weight, space requirements, and compatibility with other components or systems.
  
To optimize your hydrogen storage design for cost-effectiveness and compactness, you can follow these steps:
+
'''Testing and Certification'''
  
- Determine Storage Requirements,
+
Perform rigorous testing to validate the design, ensure safety, and obtain necessary certifications. Test the storage system under various conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and vibration, to evaluate its performance and reliability. Compliance with relevant safety standards and certifications is essential.
  
- Evaluate Different Storage Methods,
+
'''Lifecycle Considerations'''
  
- Assess Material Choices,
+
Consider the environmental impact and overall lifecycle cost of the storage system. Evaluate factors such as recyclability, energy consumption during manufacturing, and end-of-life disposal options to ensure a sustainable and cost-effective solution.
 +
Optimizing a compact pressurized hydrogen storage system with limited cost requires a holistic approach, considering technical, safety, economic, and environmental aspects. It is crucial to balance these factors to achieve an efficient and affordable storage solution
  
- Optimize Cylinder Size,
 
  
- Utilize Standardized Components,
 
  
- Explore Economical Manufacturing Processes,
 
  
- Consider System Integration,
 
  
- Conduct Cost-Benefit Analysis,
+
== Final Report of Design & Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage ==
  
- Safety and Compliance,
+
Kita harus melakukan pendekatan secara menyeluruh pada segala faktor yang berpengaruh dalam mendesain suatu komponen, terutama efisiensi dan optimisasi yang urgensinya sangat penting. Melalui kelas Metode Numerik dengan tugas mendesain dan mengoptimalkan ''pressurized hydrogen storage'' ini, kita dapat belajar untuk berpola pikir layaknya seorang insinyur. Secara tidak langsung, hal ini juga melatih ''consciousness'' kita.
  
- Continuous Improvement.
+
Terdapat 3 batasan (''constraints'') yang menjadi acuan dalam optimisasi desain tangki hidrogen ini, yaitu '''geometris''' (''geometrical constraint''), '''kekuatan material''' (''strength constraint''), dan '''biaya''' (''budget constraint''). Berdasarkan diskusi yang telah dilakukan di kelas bersama teman-teman pada pekan lalu, material yang akan digunakan pada pembuatan tangki hidrogen ini adalah '''AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel'''. Austenitic stainless steel juga menjadi salah satu pilihan utama untuk pabrikan-pabrikan pembuat industrial hydrogen storage. Hal ini menandakan juga bahwa austenitic stainless steel sudah teruji secara ketersediaan, durabilitas, kekuatan, ''machinability'', kompatibilitas dengan gas hidrogen (tidak bereaksi dengan hidrogen), dan sebagainya.
  
  
Manufacturing Process
+
== Batasan Geometris (Geometrical Constraint) ==
 +
'''Geometri Dasar (Base)'''
  
Investigate cost-effective manufacturing processes, such as mass production techniques, to reduce production costs. Optimizing manufacturing processes can lead to cost savings and increased efficiency
+
Ukuran menjadi batasan yang paling utama dalam mendesain tangki hidrogen ini. Optimisasi yang dilakukan adalah membuat surface area seminimal mungkin agar biaya material juga semakin minimum, tetapi tetap dengan volume 1 liter. Namun, karena nanti terdapat reduksi volume akibat end caps, batasan volume pada coding kali ini dibesarkan sedikit menjadi 1,050 liter atau 1050 cm^3. Pada optimisasi geometris ini, dilakukan coding menggunakan Python dengan library NumPy dan SciPy.
  
 +
Berikut adalah code beserta hasilnya:
 +
def objective(x):
 +
    # x[0] represents the radius, x[1] represents the height
 +
    radius = x[0]
 +
    height = x[1]
  
Performance Testing
+
    # Calculate the surface area of the cylindrical structure
 +
    surface_area = 2 * np.pi * radius * (radius + height)
  
To optimize hydrogen storage for cost-effectiveness and compactness through performance testing, you can follow these steps:
+
    return surface_area
  
- Define Performance Metrics,
+
def constraint(x):
 +
    # x[0] represents the radius, x[1] represents the height
 +
    radius = x[0]
 +
    height = x[1]
  
- Establish Test Procedures,
+
    # Calculate the internal volume of the cylindrical structure
 +
    volume = np.pi * radius**2 * height
  
- Conduct Comparative Testing,
+
    # Return the difference between the volume and the desired value (1050 cubic centimeters)
 +
    return volume - 1050
  
- Analyze Test Results,
+
# Initial guess for the radius and height
 +
x0 = [1.0, 10.0]
  
- Iterative Design Optimization,
+
# Define the bounds for the variables (radius and height)
 +
bounds = [(0, None), (0, None)]
  
Based on the test results and analysis, iterate the design optimization process. Modify or refine the design elements to improve cost-effectiveness and compactness while maintaining desired performance levels. Consider factors like material selection, geometry, insulation, and pressure control mechanisms.
+
# Define the constraint dictionary
 +
constraint_dict = {'type': 'eq', 'fun': constraint}
  
 +
# Use the minimize function to optimize the objective function subject to the constraint
 +
result = minimize(objective, x0, method='SLSQP', bounds=bounds, constraints=constraint_dict)
  
Regulatory Compliance
+
# Print the optimized results
 +
print("Optimization Results:")
 +
print("Radius: {:.2f} cm".format(result.x[0]))
 +
print("Height: {:.2f} cm".format(result.x[1]))
 +
print("Surface Area: {:.2f} cm^2".format(result.fun))
  
Regulatory compliance is essential when designing and optimizing hydrogen storage systems to ensure safety, environmental protection, and adherence to applicable laws and regulations. Here are some key considerations for regulatory compliance in designing and optimizing hydrogen storage :
 
  
- Familiarize Yourself with Regulations,
+
Berdasarkan hasil coding, dapat diketahui bahwa dengan luas area permukaan seminimal mungkin, ukuran tangki tabung yang optimal adalah dengan rasio tinggi:radius = 2:1, dalam hal ini '''tinggi tabung (h) adalah 11,02 cm''' dan '''radiusnya (r) adalah 5,51 cm'''. Dengan ukuran ini, '''luas area permukaan yang diperoleh adalah 571,88 cm^2.
 +
'''
  
- Safety Standards and Codes,
 
  
- Pressure Vessel Regulations,
+
== Batasan Kekuatan Material (Material Strength Constraint) ==
  
- Hazardous Materials Transportation Regulations,
+
Pada sistem penyimpanan bertekanan, kekuatan material dan ketebalan pelat dari tangki harus bisa menahan tekanan gas yang menekan ke segala arah pada dinding tangki. Secara spesifikasi, tangki hidrogen 1 liter ini juga memiliki batasan tekanan 8 bar.
  
- Environmental Regulations,
+
'''Mechanical Properties of AISI 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel'''
  
- Permits and Approvals,
+
Mechanical Properties of AISI 316
 +
Range ukuran dari ketebalan pelat tidak boleh kurang dari 1/5 radius tangki. Menurut ASME BPV Code Section VIII D.1, ketebalan pelat tangki minimal sebesar 1/16 in atau 1,59 mm tanpa mempertimbangkan korosi, material, ataupun dimensi. Pada perhitungan ini, akan dilakukan iterasi dari radius minimum sebesar 2,7 mm sampai 11,05 mm dengan penambahan sebanyak 1 mm pada setiap iterasinya.
  
- Third-Party Certification,
+
'''Perhitungan Iterasi Ketebalan Dinding Tangki'''
  
- Documentation and Record-Keeping,
+
Iterasi ini dapat dilakukan menggunakan coding Python sebagai berikut:
  
- Ongoing Compliance Monitoring,
+
r = 5.51e-2 #vessel radius
  
- Consultation with Experts.
+
p = 800000  #8 bar pressure constraint
  
 +
t = 2.7e-3  #minimum thickness
  
Lifecycle Considerations
+
while t < 11.05e-3:
 +
  hoop = (p * r)/(t)
 +
  print('Untuk ketebalan', t, 'hoop stress =', hoop, "Pa")
 +
  t += 1e-3
 +
  if hoop > 205e9: #Yield Strength of AISI 316
 +
    break
  
When designing and optimizing hydrogen storage systems, it's crucial to consider lifecycle considerations to ensure the long-term performance, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of the system. Here are key lifecycle considerations to keep in mind:
+
Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, range ketebalan 2,7 mm sampai 11,05 mm masih di bawah yield strength sehingga seluruh ketebalan pada range tersebut dapat diaplikasikan.
  
- System Durability and Reliability,
 
  
- Maintenance and Inspection,
+
== Batasan Biaya (Budget Constraint) ==
  
- Efficiency and Performance Optimization,
+
Setelah ditemukannya parameter-parameter geometris, tahap terakhir dari optimisasi ini adalah membandingkannya dengan batasan biaya yang tidak boleh melebihi Rp500.000,00. Berdasarkan material yang telah dipilih sebelumnya, yaitu AISI 316, kita harus memilih ketebalan dinding tangki yang berada dalam range budget.
  
- Safety Management,
+
Dengan mengoptimalkan budget constraint, berat minimum yang wajar, tetapi tetap menjaga kekuatan yang wajar, dipilih ketebalan sebesar 6 mm untuk dinding tangki hidrogen ini.
  
- Environmental Impact,
 
  
- End-of-Life Considerations,
+
== Final Remarks ==
  
- Cost Analysis,
+
Berdasarkan aplikasi metode numerik pada optimisasi desain sistem penyimpanan hidrogen ini, diperoleh ukuran geometris tangki, yaitu radius sebesar 5,51 cm, tinggi sebesar 11,02 cm, luas permukaan sebesar 571,88 cm, dan radius fillet end cap sebesar 2,59553 cm. Selain itu, melalui batasan kekuatan material dan batasan biaya, diperoleh ukuran ketebalan dinding tangki hidrogen sebesar 6 mm.
  
- Technological Advancements,
+
Kesimpulannya, optimisasi dengan metode numerik ini masih dibilang cukup sederhana karena masih banyak faktor lain yang harus dipertimbangkan. Namun, optimisasi sederhana ini sudah bisa melatih kita, mahasiswa Teknik Perkapalan, untuk berpola pikir layaknya seorang insinyur yang harus bisa menggunakan dan memaksimalkan resources yang ada. Melalui tugas besar ini, semoga ''consciousness'' kita juga semakin terlatih dan meningkat. Aamiin.
  
- Regulatory Compliance.
 
  
  
Continuous Improvement
+
== Link Youtube Presentasi Tugas Besar ==
  
Continuously seek opportunities for improvement through feedback, monitoring, and technological advancements. Stay updated with the latest developments in hydrogen storage technologies to identify cost-effective and compact solutions.
+
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYnBjF6LLZ0

Latest revision as of 22:41, 15 June 2023

Introduction Perkenalkan saya Marvellyno Indru Kalwani dengan NPM 2106702195 dari jurusan Teknik Perkapalan FTUI 2021

Resume pertemuan 26/05/2023

Pada pertemuan pertama saya mempelajari bahwa metode numerik merupakan sebuah metode penyelesaian dimana untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah menggunakan pendekatan pendekatan. Kesadaran diri dan pemikiran yang terbuka memainkan peran penting dalam kehidupan kita. Pak DAI menjelaskan sekilas tentang penugasan kepada mahasiswa untuk mendesain tabung hydrogen 8 bar dengan batasan berupa produksi dari tabung tersebut harus kurang dari Rp500.000 . tugas ini diberikan karena mengingat energy hydrogen ini di masa depan diharapkan bisa menjadi solusi


Design & Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage

Objective : Design and Optimization Of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage

Spesification :

Capacity  : 1 Litres

Pressure Level  : 8 bar

Limitation : Cost should not exceed Rp.500.000


Week 1 progress

Before we dive deeper into the design & optimization phases, we must consciously understand the factors and processes involved in designing and optimizing the hydrogen storage first. ChatGPT helped me comprehensively to explain the factors and processes.

Prompt: "Explain to me comprehensively the factors and processes in designing and optimizing a compact pressurized hydrogen storage with limited cost" Designing and optimizing a compact pressurized hydrogen storage system with limited cost involves considering several factors and processes. Here's a comprehensive overview of the key considerations:

Storage Method

Pressurized hydrogen storage involves storing hydrogen gas at high pressures. One common method is using high-pressure cylinders made of lightweight, strong materials such as carbon fiber composites or advanced metals like aluminum alloys. Other options include metal hydride storage or cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, but we'll focus on pressurized storage for this explanation.

Storage Capacity

Determine the required storage capacity in terms of hydrogen mass or volume. This will depend on the application and the desired range or usage time before refueling. Consider factors such as vehicle range, energy demand, or the specific requirements of the system you're designing.

Pressure Level

Select an appropriate pressure level based on safety, storage efficiency, and system requirements. Higher pressures provide greater storage capacity but require stronger materials, leading to increased costs. Common pressure levels for pressurized hydrogen storage range from 350 bar (5,076 psi) to 700 bar (10,152 psi).

Material Selection

Choose materials that can withstand the desired pressure level while minimizing weight and cost. Carbon fiber composite materials are widely used due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, but they can be expensive. Aluminum alloys provide a good balance between strength, weight, and cost.

Tank Design

Optimize the tank design to maximize storage capacity while adhering to safety regulations and minimizing costs. Consider factors such as tank shape, volume, thickness, and the number of tanks required. Advanced design techniques like finite element analysis can help determine the optimal tank shape and thickness distribution.

Safety Measures

Ensure the storage system meets safety standards to prevent leaks, ruptures, or explosions. This involves using certified materials, incorporating pressure relief devices, and designing structural reinforcements to withstand potential accidents. Safety should always be a top priority in hydrogen storage design.

Hydrogen Purity

Consider the required hydrogen purity for your specific application. Depending on the end-use, such as fuel cells, certain contaminants like moisture or impurities can be detrimental. Incorporate purification systems if needed, which may increase the overall system cost.

Refueling Considerations

Design the storage system to facilitate efficient refueling processes. Consider aspects such as refueling time, connection mechanisms, and compatibility with refueling infrastructure. Faster and more accessible refueling can enhance the usability and practicality of hydrogen storage systems.

Cost Optimization

Minimize costs by considering factors such as material selection, manufacturing processes, and economies of scale. Explore different manufacturing techniques, such as filament winding or automated fiber placement, to optimize production costs. Additionally, identifying cost-effective suppliers and exploring potential cost-saving innovations can help reduce overall expenses.

System Integration

Ensure seamless integration of the hydrogen storage system with the overall application or infrastructure. Consider factors like system weight, space requirements, and compatibility with other components or systems.

Testing and Certification

Perform rigorous testing to validate the design, ensure safety, and obtain necessary certifications. Test the storage system under various conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and vibration, to evaluate its performance and reliability. Compliance with relevant safety standards and certifications is essential.

Lifecycle Considerations

Consider the environmental impact and overall lifecycle cost of the storage system. Evaluate factors such as recyclability, energy consumption during manufacturing, and end-of-life disposal options to ensure a sustainable and cost-effective solution. Optimizing a compact pressurized hydrogen storage system with limited cost requires a holistic approach, considering technical, safety, economic, and environmental aspects. It is crucial to balance these factors to achieve an efficient and affordable storage solution



Final Report of Design & Optimization of Pressurized Hydrogen Storage

Kita harus melakukan pendekatan secara menyeluruh pada segala faktor yang berpengaruh dalam mendesain suatu komponen, terutama efisiensi dan optimisasi yang urgensinya sangat penting. Melalui kelas Metode Numerik dengan tugas mendesain dan mengoptimalkan pressurized hydrogen storage ini, kita dapat belajar untuk berpola pikir layaknya seorang insinyur. Secara tidak langsung, hal ini juga melatih consciousness kita.

Terdapat 3 batasan (constraints) yang menjadi acuan dalam optimisasi desain tangki hidrogen ini, yaitu geometris (geometrical constraint), kekuatan material (strength constraint), dan biaya (budget constraint). Berdasarkan diskusi yang telah dilakukan di kelas bersama teman-teman pada pekan lalu, material yang akan digunakan pada pembuatan tangki hidrogen ini adalah AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel. Austenitic stainless steel juga menjadi salah satu pilihan utama untuk pabrikan-pabrikan pembuat industrial hydrogen storage. Hal ini menandakan juga bahwa austenitic stainless steel sudah teruji secara ketersediaan, durabilitas, kekuatan, machinability, kompatibilitas dengan gas hidrogen (tidak bereaksi dengan hidrogen), dan sebagainya.


Batasan Geometris (Geometrical Constraint)

Geometri Dasar (Base)

Ukuran menjadi batasan yang paling utama dalam mendesain tangki hidrogen ini. Optimisasi yang dilakukan adalah membuat surface area seminimal mungkin agar biaya material juga semakin minimum, tetapi tetap dengan volume 1 liter. Namun, karena nanti terdapat reduksi volume akibat end caps, batasan volume pada coding kali ini dibesarkan sedikit menjadi 1,050 liter atau 1050 cm^3. Pada optimisasi geometris ini, dilakukan coding menggunakan Python dengan library NumPy dan SciPy.

Berikut adalah code beserta hasilnya: def objective(x):

   # x[0] represents the radius, x[1] represents the height
   radius = x[0]
   height = x[1]
   # Calculate the surface area of the cylindrical structure
   surface_area = 2 * np.pi * radius * (radius + height)
   return surface_area

def constraint(x):

   # x[0] represents the radius, x[1] represents the height
   radius = x[0]
   height = x[1]
   # Calculate the internal volume of the cylindrical structure
   volume = np.pi * radius**2 * height
   # Return the difference between the volume and the desired value (1050 cubic centimeters)
   return volume - 1050
  1. Initial guess for the radius and height

x0 = [1.0, 10.0]

  1. Define the bounds for the variables (radius and height)

bounds = [(0, None), (0, None)]

  1. Define the constraint dictionary

constraint_dict = {'type': 'eq', 'fun': constraint}

  1. Use the minimize function to optimize the objective function subject to the constraint

result = minimize(objective, x0, method='SLSQP', bounds=bounds, constraints=constraint_dict)

  1. Print the optimized results

print("Optimization Results:") print("Radius: {:.2f} cm".format(result.x[0])) print("Height: {:.2f} cm".format(result.x[1])) print("Surface Area: {:.2f} cm^2".format(result.fun))


Berdasarkan hasil coding, dapat diketahui bahwa dengan luas area permukaan seminimal mungkin, ukuran tangki tabung yang optimal adalah dengan rasio tinggi:radius = 2:1, dalam hal ini tinggi tabung (h) adalah 11,02 cm dan radiusnya (r) adalah 5,51 cm. Dengan ukuran ini, luas area permukaan yang diperoleh adalah 571,88 cm^2.


Batasan Kekuatan Material (Material Strength Constraint)

Pada sistem penyimpanan bertekanan, kekuatan material dan ketebalan pelat dari tangki harus bisa menahan tekanan gas yang menekan ke segala arah pada dinding tangki. Secara spesifikasi, tangki hidrogen 1 liter ini juga memiliki batasan tekanan 8 bar.

Mechanical Properties of AISI 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Mechanical Properties of AISI 316 Range ukuran dari ketebalan pelat tidak boleh kurang dari 1/5 radius tangki. Menurut ASME BPV Code Section VIII D.1, ketebalan pelat tangki minimal sebesar 1/16 in atau 1,59 mm tanpa mempertimbangkan korosi, material, ataupun dimensi. Pada perhitungan ini, akan dilakukan iterasi dari radius minimum sebesar 2,7 mm sampai 11,05 mm dengan penambahan sebanyak 1 mm pada setiap iterasinya.

Perhitungan Iterasi Ketebalan Dinding Tangki

Iterasi ini dapat dilakukan menggunakan coding Python sebagai berikut:

r = 5.51e-2 #vessel radius

p = 800000 #8 bar pressure constraint

t = 2.7e-3 #minimum thickness

while t < 11.05e-3:

 hoop = (p * r)/(t)
 print('Untuk ketebalan', t, 'hoop stress =', hoop, "Pa")
 t += 1e-3
 if hoop > 205e9: #Yield Strength of AISI 316
   break

Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, range ketebalan 2,7 mm sampai 11,05 mm masih di bawah yield strength sehingga seluruh ketebalan pada range tersebut dapat diaplikasikan.


Batasan Biaya (Budget Constraint)

Setelah ditemukannya parameter-parameter geometris, tahap terakhir dari optimisasi ini adalah membandingkannya dengan batasan biaya yang tidak boleh melebihi Rp500.000,00. Berdasarkan material yang telah dipilih sebelumnya, yaitu AISI 316, kita harus memilih ketebalan dinding tangki yang berada dalam range budget.

Dengan mengoptimalkan budget constraint, berat minimum yang wajar, tetapi tetap menjaga kekuatan yang wajar, dipilih ketebalan sebesar 6 mm untuk dinding tangki hidrogen ini.


Final Remarks

Berdasarkan aplikasi metode numerik pada optimisasi desain sistem penyimpanan hidrogen ini, diperoleh ukuran geometris tangki, yaitu radius sebesar 5,51 cm, tinggi sebesar 11,02 cm, luas permukaan sebesar 571,88 cm, dan radius fillet end cap sebesar 2,59553 cm. Selain itu, melalui batasan kekuatan material dan batasan biaya, diperoleh ukuran ketebalan dinding tangki hidrogen sebesar 6 mm.

Kesimpulannya, optimisasi dengan metode numerik ini masih dibilang cukup sederhana karena masih banyak faktor lain yang harus dipertimbangkan. Namun, optimisasi sederhana ini sudah bisa melatih kita, mahasiswa Teknik Perkapalan, untuk berpola pikir layaknya seorang insinyur yang harus bisa menggunakan dan memaksimalkan resources yang ada. Melalui tugas besar ini, semoga consciousness kita juga semakin terlatih dan meningkat. Aamiin.


Link Youtube Presentasi Tugas Besar

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYnBjF6LLZ0