User:Muhammad.keanu

Consciousness

if the function x=1 is used in the initial equation, then the result is undefined

and if the function is simplified first, we get the equation x+1 = 2

Since these answers conflict, mathematicians have concluded that the division of 0 by 0 cannot be assigned a definite value. It leads to an ambiguous situation where different reasonable answers can be derived, and hence, it is considered undefined or indeterminate.

in my opinion the concept of infinty thaught us about solving mathematical cases isnt always about the answer, but about the process. likelife, there are many ways to find answers or be successful, and there's nothing wrong which way you're taking, like all of us in our own way to develop to be better and successful

Hydrogen Fuel

Hydrogen can be stored in three ways: As a compressed gas in high-pressure tanks. As a liquid in dewars or tanks (stored at -253°C). As a solid by either absorbing or reacting with metals or chemical compounds or storing in an alternative chemical form

Hydrogen shows promise as an energy storage solution, and researchers are developing materials that can help store hydrogen for long durations at low cost and high energy efficiency. large pores within the crystals can store hydrogen gas. Hydrides chosen for storage applications provide low reactivity (high safety) and high hydrogen storage densities. Leading candidates are lithium hydride, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride and ammonia borane.

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This is how NASA store Hydrogen

Because liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen are both cryogenic, gases that can be liquefied only at extremely low temperatures, they pose enormous technical challenges. Liquid hydrogen must be stored at minus 423°F and handled with extreme care. To keep it from evaporating or boiling off, rockets fuelled with liquid hydrogen must be carefully insulated from all sources of heat, such as rocket engine exhaust and air friction during flight through the atmosphere. Once the vehicle reaches space, it must be protected from the radiant heat of the Sun. When liquid hydrogen absorbs heat, it expands rapidly; thus, venting is necessary to prevent the tank from exploding. Metals exposed to the extreme cold of liquid hydrogen become brittle. Moreover, liquid hydrogen can leak through minute pores in welded seams. Solving all these problems required an enormous amount of technical expertise in rocket and aircraft fuels cultivated over a decade by researchers at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Cleveland. Today, liquid hydrogen is the signature fuel of the American space program and is used by other countries in the business of launching satellites. In addition to the Atlas, Boeing's Delta III and Delta IV now have liquid-oxygen/liquid-hydrogen upper stages.

Design and Optimization of 1-Litre Pressurized Hydrogen Storage with 8 Bar Pressure Capability

•Determine the storage container: Select a suitable material for the storage container that can withstand high pressure and is compatible with hydrogen. Carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials, such as carbon fiber wrapped with epoxy resin, are commonly used for high-pressure hydrogen storage due to their lightweight and high strength.

•Determine the container shape and volume: Design the container shape to fit the available space and ensure structural integrity. Consider cylindrical or spherical shapes, which are efficient for pressure vessels. Aim for a volume of 1 liter to meet your requirements.

•Incorporate safety features: Safety is paramount when dealing with pressurized hydrogen. Include safety valves and rupture disks to prevent overpressure situations. Install pressure relief devices that will vent hydrogen safely in case of emergencies.

•Consider insulation: To minimize energy losses and maintain the temperature of stored hydrogen, incorporate appropriate insulation materials such as multi-layered insulation (MLI). This helps to reduce heat transfer and maintain the hydrogen at optimal storage conditions.

•Integrate pressure regulation: Include a pressure regulation system to maintain the desired pressure within the storage system. This system should consist of pressure sensors, pressure regulators, and control mechanisms to ensure safe and reliable operation.

•Optimize the system design: Utilize computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools to simulate the behavior of the storage system under various conditions. This allows you to optimize the design by adjusting factors like material thickness, container shape, and safety features to ensure efficient operation.

•Conduct performance testing: Build a prototype of the storage system and perform thorough testing to validate its performance. Test the system's pressure-holding capability, endurance under cyclic loading, and evaluate its overall efficiency.

•Consider refueling and integration: Ensure that the storage system can be easily refueled and integrated into the larger hydrogen infrastructure. Consider the connection points, filling procedures, and compatibility with refueling stations or other hydrogen supply sources.

•Compliance with regulations and standards: Ensure that the design complies with relevant safety regulations and standards, such as ISO 15869 or national regulations specific to hydrogen storage systems.

•Continuously monitor and improve: Once deployed, continuously monitor the storage system's performance and collect data to identify any areas for improvement. Use this information to refine the design and optimize future iterations.

Remember, designing and optimizing hydrogen storage systems requires expertise in engineering and a thorough understanding of hydrogen safety practices. Consultation with experts in the field is highly recommended to ensure the design meets all safety requirements and industry standards

Basic Design of Hydrogen Tank

A hydrogen tank is a container specifically designed to store hydrogen gas safely and efficiently. The basic design of a hydrogen tank depends on the intended application and the type of hydrogen storage technology used. However, I can provide an overview of the design principles commonly employed in hydrogen tanks.

Material Selection: Hydrogen tanks are typically made from high-strength materials that can withstand the high pressure exerted by the gas. Common materials used include carbon fiber composites, aluminum alloys, or steel. The material choice depends on factors such as weight, cost, and required storage pressure.

Tank Types: There are different types of hydrogen tanks, including compressed gas tanks, cryogenic tanks, and solid-state hydrogen storage tanks. Each type has its own design considerations. Compressed Gas Tanks: These tanks store hydrogen gas under high pressure, typically ranging from 5,000 to 10,000 psi (pounds per square inch). They are cylindrical in shape and can be made from composite materials or metal. Compressed gas tanks often have safety features like pressure relief devices. Cryogenic Tanks: Cryogenic tanks store hydrogen in a liquefied state at extremely low temperatures (-253°C). They are usually vacuum-insulated and consist of an inner vessel made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy and an outer jacket to reduce heat transfer. Cryogenic tanks are mainly used for large-scale applications and transportation. Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Tanks: These tanks use materials such as metal hydrides or chemical compounds to store hydrogen within their structure. The design varies depending on the specific solid-state storage technology employed.

Tank Design Features

Pressure Relief Devices: These devices prevent over-pressurization by releasing excess hydrogen gas if the pressure inside the tank exceeds the safe limit.

Leak Detection Systems: Hydrogen tanks often include sensors or monitoring systems to detect and alert any potential leaks.

Thermal Management: Tanks may incorporate cooling or heating systems to manage temperature variations and maintain the desired storage conditions.

Structural Integrity: The tank design ensures sufficient strength and durability to withstand the applied pressure, environmental conditions, and potential mechanical stresses.

Valves and Connections: Tanks have valves and connections to enable filling, dispensing, and safety measures, such as shut-off valves and rupture discs.

Insulation: For cryogenic tanks, proper insulation materials and techniques are used to minimize heat transfer and maintain low temperatures.

It's important to note that the design specifics and requirements of hydrogen tanks can vary significantly depending on the application, safety regulations, and technological advancements.

Pressurized hydrogen storage optimization

import math from scipy.optimize import minimize

def calculate_tank_properties(diameter, height):

   # Menghitung volume tangki
   volume_m3 = (math.pi * (diameter**2) * height) / 4

   # Menghitung luas permukaan tangki
   radius = diameter / 2
   surface_area = 2 * math.pi * radius * (radius + height)

   # Konversi diameter, tinggi, dan luas permukaan ke dalam satuan cm
   diameter_cm = diameter * 100
   height_cm = height * 100
   surface_area_cm2 = surface_area * 10000

   return diameter_cm, height_cm, surface_area_cm2

def cost_function(x):

   diameter = x[0]
   height = x[1]

   # Menghitung luas permukaan tangki
   _, _, surface_area_cm2 = calculate_tank_properties(diameter, height)

   # Menghitung biaya berdasarkan luas permukaan
   # Anggap harga material adalah Rp 100 per cm^2
   cost = surface_area_cm2 * 100

   return cost