Muhammad Alvito Bintang Safero

Consciousness

If we subtitute X = 1 in the equation (X^2 -1) /(X-1). This will result in 0/0 meaning undefined. Why so? Division is a mathematical operation that divides a number with another number to produce a certain value. To prove whether 0/0 is undefined. We can use the “Reductio Ad Absurdum” technique. The essence of “Reductio Ad Absurdum” reasoning is to prove that the proposition “P” is correct by taking the first step to consider the negation p, which is “~p”, to be the correct proposition. The second step deduces a contradiction based on the assumption that “~p” is true. Since the assumptions that have been established produce contradictions and contradiction are irrational, then the probability “~p” is true is rejected and it is concluded that p is true.

First assuming 0/0 is defined by producing a certain value. For a and b € R. 0/0 = a -> 0 = 0 x a (correct). 0/0 = b -> 0 = 0 x b (correct). Because a 0/0 division produces an unspecified and uncertain value and this contradicts the statement that 0/0 is defined by producing a certain certain value. Therefore, the assumption 0/0 defined is denegated to be 0/0 undefined.

We need to find answers by other methods. As a factoring method. (X^2 -1) /(X-1) = (X+1) (X-1)/(X-1). Then we can eliminate (X-1) and leave (X+1). Subtitute X = 1 to X + 1. The answer is 2.

Is Consciousness relevant to the previous case ? Do narate it ! why is that so?

In my opinion, consciousness arises from the complex computational processes that occur in the brain, which can be explained and understood through mathematical models. According to this perspective, brain nerve networks and their interactions can be explained mathematically, and consciousness is the emerging property of these computational processes.

However, it is important to note that mathematics, as a formal system, is not synonymous with consciousness itself. While mathematical models can help us understand and describe certain aspects of cognitive processes, they do not fully capture the subjective nature of conscious experience.

In short, while mathematics can be a valuable tool to understand and model certain aspects of brain function, it does not provide a complete explanation for consciousness.

Hydrogen Fuel

Hydrogen fuel is a non-emission fuel used as a fuel for power generation along with oxygen using a unit called hydrogen fuel cell. Hydrogen Fuel Cell works similarly to a battery, where a fuel cell has anode (-) and cathode (+) poles. Hydrogen (H2) is transferred to the anode pole which will subsequently break the hydrogen molecule into electrons and hydrogen ions. The flow of electrons on the external circuit will produce electricity. Meanwhile, hydrogen ions will react with oxygen (O2) which will produce water vapor. (H2O). The by-product of this reaction is only water vapor, so hydrogen fuel is a very clean type of energy. There are several methods for producing hydrogen as fuel. Currently, the most commonly used method is steam reforming using natural gas. In addition, there are several other methods such as gasification, electrolysis, as well as biological processes.

Steam Reformation In this process, the methane contained in natural gas is extracted and reacted with steam to produce hydrogen. About 95% of the hydrogen available on the market is produced by this process.

Gasification In the process of gasification, coal or biomass materials are reacted with oxygen and steam to produce gas synthesis. Subsequently, hydrogen molecules are separated from gas synthesis using a separation system.

Electrolysis The process of electrolysis uses a tool called an electrolyzer. The main concept of this process is the separation of hydrogen molecules as well as oxygen from water by reactions caused by electric flow.

The biological process Microbes such as bacteria and microalgae can produce hydrogen by biological reactions using sunlight or organic matter. The technology is still in the research and development phase.

Design and Optimization of 1-Litre Pressurized Hydrogen Storage with 8 Bar Pressure Capability

Designing a 1-litre pressurized hydrogen storage system with the ability to hold a pressure of 8 bars within a budget of 500,000 Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) presents a challenge. In this essay, we will explore the considerations and possibilities of designing an efficient and cost-effective hydrogen storage system that meets the pressure requirement while staying within the given budget constraints.

Material Selection: In order to build this hydrogen storage, the material I choose is ASTM A36 sheet metal with yield strength of 36,000 psi and allowable stress value = 2/3 x Sy = 24.000 psi .

Tank Design: For the storage of hydrogen of 1 Liter I used the calculation of diameter 7 cm and height 27 cm, so that V = 3.14 x 3.5 x 3.5 x 27 = 1.038,555 cm^3. Thickness formula for longitudinal stress direction :

t = PR/(2SE + 0.4P)

E = 0,60 (Single-welded butt joint)

P = 8 bar = 116 Psi

R = 35 mm = 1,38 inch

S = 24.000 Psi

Corrosion allowance = 1 mm = 0,039 inch

t = 116 x (1,38+0,039)/ (2 x 24.000 x 0,60) + (0,4 x 116) t = 0,057 inch = 1,45 mm

Hydrogen Storage

Von Mises Stress

Safety Factor