Alvian Choiri Apriliansyah

My name is Alvian Choiri Apriliansyah (2006517751), a Universitas Indonesia student from Mechanical Engineering (2020 batch, International class). Currently I'm in 6th semester, studying Energy Conversion System 2 classes amongst others

Week 1

ECS 02 ChatGPT conversation

What's the relations between sugar factory, electric vehicles, and fossil fuels?

In short, ChatGPT explains that sugar factories can produce biofuels, either for vehicles or powerplant. It also explained the reductions in fossil fuels through the electricity for electric vehicles, but it noted the EVs impact depends on powerplant source as most still uses fossils

I then read some research paper & news article about ethanol, and I asked some intriguing question: But I found the recent research from University of Wisconsin a year ago, concluded that ethanol actually produce 24% more GHG than gasoline because of land usage from producing corn

It admit the results of those research paper, saying that the increase of land usage results in more GHG (Green House Gases), but then it stated that it's still under a debate as not all papers have the same conclusion

Week 2 Friday

In this time, I learned about IC (Internal Combustion) engine modelling via OpenModelica. The teacher put out a step-by-step on

1. The OpenModelica version,

2. OMEdit IC engine model (with equations) already pre-installed

3. Explanation about the components (input: fuel & air, cooling: air/water, output: flue gas (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc.))

4. Adding sinks to each of those 4 components, with additional pressure loss component for cooling section

Week 3 Tuesday

Professor Adi explains to us the pyrolisis by (literally) burning a piece of paper. I then explains to him (which he affirms) the difference with internal combustion engine that instead of using liquid fuel it uses solid fuel, example: woods, coals, etc. But of course, both processes involves a fire triangle (oxidizer, fuel, and ignition source) and produces energy & heat (exoterm).

One of the interesting application of pyrolisis is converting plastic waste into useful fuel, which unfortunately still less implemented in Indonesia (explained by Prof) due to lack of knowledge within the public about the process & benefits involved in conversion (breaking down of C-H bond in plastic into liquid fuel). Our friends from 2019 batch explains their activities in exchange period (Denmark, South Korea) when they learned how garbage separation works in other countries (either by machine, or by the public awareness/rewards themselves)

Prof then explains the data network generations (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) & emphasize the importance of frequency (wave) in ever changing/improvements in technologies (even faster data) which has been realized since Nikola Tesla developed his inventions

Next, Professor DAI explains the principle of energy, in which "Energy can't be created, nor destroyed" explained numerically by equation (dE/dt = Q + W) in the system (can either releasing works & heat, or receiving work & heat), which he said is a root for all more complex equations/derivations

E = Energy, t = time, W = work, Q = heat

Week 3 Friday

Project synopsis: Explanations on SpaceX's decision of choosing methane (particularly from Energy Conversion standpoint)

I decided to choose rocket engine specifically Raptor, because it's also one of the type of internal combustion engine by definition (according to Britannica). I had long been interested in SpaceX especially with its new Starship rocket, and I want to know how the selection of methane as a fuel can bring more advantages (lift more payload) compared to hydrogen even though the latter is more efficient, especially from energy conversion standpoint

Today's classes is held by two lecturer's assistants (and later Prof. Adi). They're reviewing about combustion (thermochemical & biochemical), also the type of method based on product results (gasification, liquid, combustion)

Pyrolysis stated by them is a combustion with lack of oxygen (otherwise it won't be decomposed). To be used in this, biomasses has to be dried & chopped first to maximize the amount of energy produced. It also need either constant heat (thermochemical) or catalyst (biochemical). The advantages are the variety of products that we can focused on (either gas or liquid). The general processes is as follows:

1. Feedstock (dried & chopped biomass) and heat (specific case: emissions from gensets/motors) enter the system

2. Charcoal/biochar is produced as solid product

3. Gas is produced, then enters the condenser. Non-condensable gas out as gas product, and condensed liquid (oil) out as liquid product

Picture source: Fast Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter in a Bubbling Fluidised Bed Reactor: Energy and Nutrient Recovery by Daya Shankar Pandey, Giannis Katsaros, Christian Lindfors, James J. Leahy, Savvas A. Tassou

Exact pyrolysis depends on specific case basis & products, especially regarding heating rate, biomass particle size, etc.

Prof. Adi then tells us his story his contribution to Chinese government's project developing desalination plant (converting sea water to potable one), and his tour across China (including to Three Brothers Dam)

The assistant then present to us about the modeling of pyrolysis in OpenModelica. He reiterate the earlier points about the number of components & products (listed similar to above pic), with a goal to optimize the output. He do it by increasing the reactor's temperature to 500-600 degrees celsius to produce more syn gases. He also adjust the biomass (azola) input (deleting the water concentration). The syn gases produced has to also be tested to make sure it's in right composition for later usage. We also have to know about the temperature on both input & output (products & flue gases) to determine the optimization

Week 4 Tuesday

Prof. Adi give us an overview about the topics from previous meeting. He tell us about his invitation with Pertamina & industry about the gas supply production from gasification (pyrolysis)

He also discuss about the desalination consideration in Indonesia, especially the condition of contaminated sea water in Jakarta & Thousands Islands (ship digging the trashes/debris on the sea). Not many parties in Indonesia that are seriously pursuing the desalination project. The usual process of filtering is mechanical, but there's a recent advancement by using graphene (filtered to atomic levels) which is more effective.

Talking about biomass, he stated the benefits & examples of biochar production in Indonesian farmer community. He explained that all of our world is consists of carbon, and vibration.

The conclusion is that, it's important to increase awareness (especially in Indonesia) about the wiser usage of energy conversion, especially desalination & biomasses, to create a better life with reduced greenhouses, other negative environmental impacts, and more benefits for community.

Week 5 Tuesday

Three students from our class present about their projects, mostly talking about cars engine. But I'm planning to do something a little different about the project. I explained to Prof. DAI that I'm choosing rocket engine (Raptor) because I'm interested in SpaceX/NASA for a while, and rocket engine is also a type of Internal Combustion engine.

Then Prof. DAI explained that it's very important to have a direct observation about the phenomenon related to rocket, especially the Newton's Third Law (Action = Reaction), Brayton cycle, and combustion, but obviously in Indonesia we don't have any real rocket engine let alone in my own house. So he suggested me that a simple demonstration by blowing & flying a balloon would be enough for this project, in which then I concur with the explanation.

Week 6 Tuesday

Prof. DAI reemphasize the importance of Consciousness in learning process, so we didn't just chase on the formal scores but also the actual understanding of the material. Consciousness has two levels (subconscious & conscious) and it's a fundamental aspect of seeing reality & thinking the rationale of our decision in life.

Then, our friend Rasendriya present us with his impressive, actual hydrolysis machine which breaks down water to hydrogen & oxygen which can be used as generator fuel. Oxygen stays in flashback arrestor, while hydrogen is pumped out for its fuel usage. The entire class has determined a variety of metal anode-cathode dimensions, which then be tested later of its difference of hydrogen outputs.

Week 6 Friday

Today I made a demonstration of my project using a simple balloon being blown out. This demonstrate a Newton's Third Law perfectly, the reason it swing around instead of going straight is of course because the balloon isn't secured tied down to a rigid platforms & the tip is flexible so the thrust is directed to many directions.

This was caused by the higher pressure of the air inside the balloon than the outside, and pressure always wanted to go to lower pressure so the thrust is generated from the the masses of the air particles going out

Here's my YouTube video of those demo:

https://youtu.be/q3ChYBrYMvo

Week 7 Tuesday

In this day, we learned about our projects in electrolysis (hydrogen production). Each students present what he/she learned about this project in front of the classes. Then, Prof. DAI gives us a Quiz to note all of the questions that are given by the classes to the presenters. Here's the answer of mine:

Electrolysis Project

On Monday, April 4 2023, many of 2019 batch and I visited Rasendriya's house to gather data about out plates. Early on 8 of my plates was measured 20 cm × 25 cm with the thickness of 0.8 mm shown here. It's made out of Aluminium 1100.

Then Rasendriya & I placed it on his electrolysis setup, and turned out it doesn't fit. So Rasendriya offered me to cut the plates into smaller pieces and I concur

The newly-cut 5 plates was now measured at 9.3 cm × 17.3 cm. The thickness stays the same though

Next, Rasendriya & I installed the plates at his setup & measures the data. Here's three variables that I got

10 Ampere = 95 mL/min

7 Ampere = 80 mL/min

4 Ampere = 70 mL/min

I model the electrolysis in Open Modelica, with these code:

This is the results of the hydrogen produced on each of three amperages:

Week 8 Tuesday

After mid term & Ied Fitri break, our class is held again for the second half of the semester. With only Prof. Adi this time

Several groups from our class present what they know about 2 videos sent by Prof in WA group. One of them is about the researcher that made the vehicle fueled by hydrogen from electrolysis. The second one is just about taking hydrogen from the same process to save fuel consumption in existing ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) on 2005 Toyota Innova

The groups also discuss about their impression on the electrolysis experiment done prior to mid term exam. Some of them are talking about the quantity of the hydrogen produces is (obviously) linear to the amount of electricity that was given, but very little details in what factors affect those. My own view is that the thickness of the plate, dimensions, and material type affects a lot with electrolysis, since the resistance of the material can reduce the amount of electricity flows through

Prof. Adi then give a thought process that there are so many phenomenon in our environment around us that can be taken advantage for our life, especially about energy generations. But several of them are still unused or little usage even though it has massive potential, for example we have a lot of waters in the ocean but why hydrogen electrolysis is still rarely been used

Week 9 Tuesday

With Prof. Adi, our class is discussing about waste managements, particularly in Thousand Islands like Sebira Island. Unlike mainland, waste managements there are more constrained due to limited amount of space. But many visitors are coming each week even though it's actually closer to Sumatra than Java & took 4-5 hours by speedboat due to the existence of freshwater in the middle

Many methods can be used, like incinerator, landfill at the mainland, pyrolysis, composting, recycling, etc. Most of that comes from my conversation with ChatGPT

Week 9 Friday

Prof. Adi and the class continue the discussion about waste managements. We talked about the difference between Indonesia & other countries like Singapore and Japan, conclude that the reason is the difference in mindsets. Singaporean have realization that they're small country, has limited resources, and have to adapt & uses new & innovative way to survive. One of them is separating trashes into each categories, consistently.

We also do a little review about pyrolysis process (combustion at relatively low temperature, and in stages) and electrolysis (splitting water (H20) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) by flowing electricity through the electrolysed water (NaoH))

Week 10 Tuesday

On this day, we listened to the presentation of 2019 batch about the waste management in Sebira Island. There's already system working at those island, but deemed inefficient due to the workforce below recommended qualification (High School graduate). They also discuss about successful waste management in Singapore, and how that could be implemented in Sebira. For example, the composting system which converts organic waste to usable energy

Week 10 Friday

Prof. Adi assign us four questions related to the Conservation of Energy on the industry/housings, and we create several groups consists of 3-4 people each to solve this.