Juan Andre

Biodata Diri

Nama: Juan Andre Mendaun Karapa

NPM: 2106728130

Hobi: Tidur

Saya adalah mahasiswa FTUI angkatan 2021 dari jurusan Teknik mesin dan saya adalah salah satu ciptaan terbaik dari Tuhan yang Maha Esa karena pada prinsipnya Tuhan yang Maha Esa itu mendesain manusia dengan sebaik baiknya makhluk.

Teknik Mesin merupakan program studi yang saya gemari dikarenakan ayah saya juga merupakan lulusan Teknik Mesin.

Tugas Kinematika 1 /catatan minggu pertama

Menjelaskan tentang basic mekflud dan kinematika

Mekanika fluida adalah cabang mekanika yang mempelajari mengenai pergerakan dari fluida. Pergerakan ini diamati dalam bentuk cairan maupun gas. Dalam mekanika fluida juga dipelajari fluida yang tidak dalam keadaan bergerak atau diam.

Tugas chatgpt,24 Februari 2023

Manometer basics.

Juan Andre

What do you know about manometer

A manometer is an instrument used to measure pressure, typically in a fluid, gas or vapor. It works by comparing the pressure of the substance being measured to a reference pressure, usually atmospheric pressure.

There are several types of manometers, including U-tube manometers, inclined-tube manometers, and digital manometers. U-tube manometers consist of a U-shaped tube partially filled with a liquid, typically mercury or water, and the pressure difference between the two ends of the tube is measured by the difference in the liquid levels. Inclined-tube manometers are similar to U-tube manometers, but the tube is inclined at an angle to make it easier to read the measurement. Digital manometers use electronic sensors to measure pressure and display the results digitally.

Manometers are used in a variety of applications, including monitoring pressure in HVAC systems, measuring blood pressure, and measuring the pressure in industrial processes. They are often used in combination with other instruments to provide a complete picture of a system's pressure and flow characteristics.

How it's work

A manometer works by measuring the difference in pressure between two points. One end of the manometer is connected to the substance whose pressure is to be measured, while the other end is open to the atmosphere or connected to a reference pressure. The pressure difference between the two ends causes a change in the level of a liquid column in the manometer.

For example, in a U-tube manometer, a liquid such as mercury or water is partially filled into a U-shaped tube. One end of the tube is open to the substance whose pressure is to be measured, while the other end is open to the atmosphere or connected to a reference pressure. The pressure difference between the two ends causes the liquid level in one arm of the U-tube to rise and the level in the other arm to fall. The difference in the liquid level can be measured and used to calculate the pressure difference.

The height difference in the liquid column is proportional to the difference in pressure between the two points. The pressure can be calculated using the equation:

pressure difference = density x gravity x height difference

where density is the density of the liquid, gravity is the acceleration due to gravity, and height difference is the difference in the height of the liquid column in the manometer.

Other types of manometers, such as digital manometers, use different mechanisms to measure pressure, such as electronic sensors or strain gauges, but they still rely on the principle of comparing the pressure of the substance being measured to a reference pressure.

Juan Andre

But can this manometer works underwater or in vacuum space

The performance of a manometer can be affected by various factors, such as the type of manometer, the properties of the fluid being measured, and the operating conditions.

In general, manometers can work underwater as long as the liquid used in the manometer has a specific gravity greater than that of water and is not affected by the underwater pressure. However, the design of the manometer may need to be adjusted to account for the underwater pressure, which can increase with depth.

In a vacuum space, manometers can still work but may need to be designed differently to operate properly. A traditional U-tube manometer that relies on gravity to move the fluid column may not work in a vacuum since there is no atmospheric pressure to balance the pressure of the fluid being measured. In this case, a different type of manometer, such as a digital manometer, may be needed that does not rely on a fluid column to measure pressure.

It's important to note that not all manometers are suitable for use in extreme conditions like underwater or in a vacuum space, and it's essential to select a manometer that is designed and calibrated for the specific operating conditions and requirements.

Tugas 1. Manometer analog

Pertanyaan

1. Jelaskan mekanisme kerja manometer analog

2. Jelaskan mekanisme kerja manometer tipe U (fluida air)

3. Tuliskan hasil pengukuran P1, P2, dan P2 (ketika menggunakan manometer tipe U)

4. Faktor apa yang mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya tekanan

5. Tuliskan satuan yang ada pada manometer tersebut dan konversi ke dalam satuan SI

6. Buatlah skala tekanan pada manometer tersebut

Penyelesaian :

1. Manometer analog memanfaatkan cairan yang terkandung dalam tabung berbentuk U dan beroperasi menggunakan prinsip Keseimbangan Hidrostatik. Cairan di dalam tabung akan mengendap pada ketinggian yang sama di setiap kaki tabung ketika kedua ujungnya terbuka terhadap tekanan atmosfer.Alat pada Manometer analog ialah jarum yang akan bergerak sesuai dengan tingkat deformasi yang diakibatkan tekanan dari fluida yang diukur,mekanismenya memanfaatkan gerakan mekanis dan magnet yang dikombinasikan untuk mengukur tekanan di manometer

2. Tabung U diisi oleh fluida hingga di kedua sisi tabung sama tinggi. Kemudian ujung tabung satu terbuka dan dibiarkan mengalami tekanan lingkungan. Sedangkan ujung satunya dihubungkan ke selang yang mengalirkan sample fluida (udara) bertekanan. Akan terjadi perbedaan ketinggian pada sisi tabung yang mengalami tekanan lingkungan dan yang mengalami tekanan sample fluida yang diukur.

Aliran akan dipompa oleh vacuum pump akan melewati beberapa katup

3. Di manometer analog

Di manometer U, h1=0.2 cm, h2=0.85 cm, h3= 1.15 cm, fluida = air, g = 9.81m/s^2

Percobaan 1 (katup 2 tertutup)

P1 = 10 mbar, P2 = 1.5 mbar

Percobaan 2 (katup 2 terbuka sebanyak 2 putaran keran)

P1 = 8.5 mbar, P2 = 1.25 mbar

Tekanan udara pada percobaan pertama,

P(gas) = ρ(udara) + ρ(air) . g . (h2 - h1)

P(gas) = 101325 N/m^2 + 1000 kg/m^3 . 9.81 m/s^2 . 0.0065 m

P(gas) = 101388 N/m^2 = 101388 Pa

Tekanan udara pada percobaan kedua,

P(gas) = P(udara) + ρ(air) . g . (h3 - h1)

P(gas) = 101325 N/m^2 + 1000 kg/m^3 . 9.81 m/s^2 . 0.0095 m

P(gas) = 101418 N/m^2 = 101418

4. Densitas (kepadatan) dari fluida yang dimasukkan kedalam manometer.

5. pada manometer = mbar

Satuan Internasional (SI) untuk tekanan = Pascal (Pa)

1 mbar = 100 Pa

6. Skala Tekanan: 1 milibar=100 Pa

chat dengan AI Jumat, 24 Februari 2023

Juan Andre Hallo

Hello! How can I assist you today?

Juan Andre Can you solve my homework?

I'll do my best to assist you with your homework! Please provide me with more details about the specific problem or task you need help with.

Juan Andre So i need you to calculate pressure at the hull of submarine which sink at 30 feet deep underwater

Sure, I can help with that.

The pressure at a certain depth in water is determined by the weight of the water above that depth. This is given by the formula:

Pressure = Density x Gravity x Depth

where:

Density is the density of the fluid (in this case, water) Gravity is the acceleration due to gravity Depth is the depth below the surface of the water Assuming the density of water is 1000 kg/m^3 and gravity is 9.81 m/s^2, we can calculate the pressure at a depth of 30 feet as follows:

Convert feet to meters: 30 feet = 9.144 meters

Plug in the values into the formula: Pressure = Density x Gravity x Depth Pressure = 1000 kg/m^3 x 9.81 m/s^2 x 9.144 m Pressure = 88,029.84 Pascal (Pa)

Therefore, the pressure at the hull of the submarine at a depth of 30 feet underwater is approximately 88,029.84 Pa.

Juan Andre Oh ok another question

Sure, what's your next question?

Juan Andre Find the height difference between the free water surface and free oil surfaces,given the oil difference with water surface is 20cm

To find the height difference between the free water surface and free oil surface, we can use the principle of fluid statics, which states that the pressure at any given point in a static fluid is the same in all directions.

Let's assume that the densities of oil and water are ρ_oil and ρ_water, respectively, and that the height difference between the oil and water surfaces is h_oil-water.

We can use the equation for pressure at a depth in a fluid to relate the pressures at the oil and water surfaces:

P_water + ρ_water * g * h_oil-water = P_oil

where P_water and P_oil are the pressures at the free surfaces of water and oil, respectively, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Since the pressure at both free surfaces is atmospheric pressure, we can assume that P_water = P_oil = P_atm.

Substituting this into the equation and rearranging, we get:

h_oil-water = (P_atm / (ρ_oil * g)) - (P_atm / (ρ_water * g))

h_oil-water = P_atm * (1 / (ρ_oil * g) - 1 / (ρ_water * g))

Given that the oil/water height difference is 20 cm, or 0.2 m, we can plug in the values for atmospheric pressure, the densities of oil and water, and acceleration due to gravity to find the height difference between the free water surface and free oil surface:

h_oil-water = (101325 Pa) * (1 / (860 kg/m^3 * 9.81 m/s^2) - 1 / (1000 kg/m^3 * 9.81 m/s^2))

h_oil-water = 3.188 x 10^-3 m, or approximately 3.19 mm

Therefore, the height difference between the free water surface and free oil surface is approximately 3.19 mm.

Tugas Praktikum,4 Maret

Tugas

1. Prinsip kerja alat pengukur tekanan (manometer analog, manometer U, pressure tranducerr)

2. Studi kasus manometer U dengan tekanan 300 Pa maka akan menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan h ...untuk masing2 fluida air, raksa, minyak.

3. Chat GPT seputar eksperimen hari ini.

Jawab

(1) Prinsip kerja alat ukur

a.Manometer Analog Manometer analog adalah jenis alat pengukur tekanan yang menggunakan tabung berbentuk U yang diisi dengan cairan, seperti merkuri atau minyak, untuk mengukur perbedaan tekanan antara dua titik. Ketika kedua ujung tabung berbentuk U dihubungkan ke titik di mana tekanan akan diukur, perbedaan tekanan antara kedua titik menyebabkan cairan di dalam tabung bergerak. Cairan akan naik di satu lengan tabung-U dan jatuh di lengan lainnya. Perbedaan ketinggian antara kedua lengan tabung U sebanding dengan perbedaan tekanan antara kedua titik. Manometer analog biasanya dikalibrasi dalam satuan tekanan, seperti psi, kPa atau mmHg, tergantung pada aplikasinya. Pembacaan pada manometer dilakukan dengan mengukur selisih tinggi antara kedua lengan tabung berbentuk U dan menggunakan tabel konversi atau rumus untuk menentukan beda tekanan Manometer analog umumnya digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi seperti pada sistem HVAC, peralatan medis, dan proses industri. Mereka sederhana, andal, dan akurat, tetapi mungkin memerlukan perawatan berkala, seperti mengisi ulang atau mengganti cairan dalam tabung-U, untuk memastikan pembacaan yang akurat.

b.Manometer tabung-U adalah perangkat sederhana yang digunakan untuk mengukur perbedaan tekanan antara dua titik dalam sistem fluida. Ini terdiri dari tabung berbentuk U yang diisi dengan cairan, biasanya air, merkuri atau minyak, yang terhubung ke dua titik di mana perbedaan tekanan akan diukur. Ketika kedua ujung tabung U dihubungkan ke dua titik di mana perbedaan tekanan akan diukur, cairan di dalam tabung bergerak ke atas atau ke bawah, tergantung pada perbedaan tekanan antara kedua titik tersebut. Cairan akan naik di lengan tabung-U yang terhubung ke titik dengan tekanan lebih tinggi, dan akan turun di lengan yang terhubung ke titik dengan tekanan lebih rendah. Perbedaan ketinggian antara kedua lengan tabung U berbanding lurus dengan perbedaan tekanan antara kedua titik. Hubungan ini dijelaskan oleh persamaan hidrostatik, yang menyatakan bahwa perbedaan tekanan antara dua titik sama dengan kerapatan cairan dikalikan dengan perbedaan ketinggian antara kedua lengan tabung-U dan percepatan gravitasi. Manometer tabung-U adalah instrumen yang sederhana dan akurat untuk mengukur perbedaan tekanan yang kecil dalam sistem fluida, seperti yang ditemui dalam sistem HVAC, proses industri, dan eksperimen laboratorium. Mudah digunakan dan tidak memerlukan daya listrik, tetapi dibatasi oleh kisaran tekanan yang dapat diukur dan densitas cairan yang digunakan.

c.Pressure Sensor atau Tranducerr menggunakan data aquisition yang mana mencatat dan mengukur waktu dalam bentuk data realtime dengan sebuah program dan data tersebut disimpan di dalam komputer

(2) Soal perhitungan.

suatu Manometer tipe U diberikan tekanan 3000 Pa, berapakah perubahan ketinggian fluida jika fluida yang digunakan berupa

a. Minyak

b. Raksa

Jawab :

a. ρ minyak : 800 kg/m^3

P = ρ.g.h

3000 = 800*10*h

h = 0,375 m = 37,5 cm

b. ρ raksa : 13.500 kg/m^3

P = ρ.g.h

3000 = 13.500 * 10*h

h = 0.0222 m= 2,22 cm022 m

(b). Jika fluida minyak

30mbar = 800 kg/m^3 . 10 m/s^2 . Δh

3000 Pascal = 800 kg/m^3 . 10 m/s^2 . Δh

Δh = 0.375 m

Jika fluida raksa

30mbar = 13600 kg/m^3 . 10 m/s^2 . Δh

3000 Pascal = 13600 kg/m^3 . 10 m/s^2 . Δh

Δh = 0.022 m

(3) chatgpt

what is manometer u

A manometer is a device used to measure the pressure of fluids (liquids or gases) in a system. It typically consists of a U-shaped tube filled with a fluid, usually mercury or water, and a scale that measures the difference in height of the fluid in the two arms of the U-tube.

When the manometer is connected to a system, the pressure of the fluid in the system causes a change in the level of the fluid in one arm of the U-tube relative to the other arm. By measuring the difference in height of the fluid in the two arms of the U-tube, the pressure of the fluid in the system can be calculated using the principles of hydrostatics.

Manometers are used in a variety of applications, including in industrial and laboratory settings to measure pressures in fluid systems such as pipelines, tanks, and boilers.

Juan Andre

what tool do we use?

To measure the pressure using a manometer, you would typically use a device that includes the U-shaped tube, fluid (such as mercury or water) to fill the tube, and a scale to measure the difference in height of the fluid in the two arms of the tube.

Depending on the specific application and the type of manometer being used, the device may also include additional components such as valves, fittings, hoses, and adapters to connect to the system being measured.

In addition to traditional U-tube manometers, there are also other types of manometers that use different designs and technologies to measure pressure, including digital manometers and inclined-tube manometers. The specific tool you would use to measure pressure with a manometer would depend on the type of manometer and the application in question.

Juan Andre

can you explain what is pressure in simplest form Certainly! Pressure is a measure of the force per unit area applied on an object or a surface.

For example, imagine you are standing on a scale. Your weight is the force that is being applied on the scale, and the area of the scale is the surface on which the force is being applied. The pressure you are exerting on the scale is simply the force (your weight) divided by the area of the scale.

In general, the greater the force that is applied on a surface, or the smaller the area on which the force is applied, the greater the pressure will be.

Pressure is a fundamental concept in physics and is used to describe a wide range of phenomena, from the behavior of fluids and gases to the mechanics of solids and the operation of machines.

Juan Andre

why there are some sort of unbalanced liquid in manometer u?

In a U-shaped manometer, an unbalanced liquid level can occur when the pressures being measured in the two arms of the U-tube are not equal. When this happens, the fluid in one arm of the U-tube will be displaced higher or lower than the fluid in the other arm, creating an unbalanced liquid level.

The height difference between the fluid levels in the two arms of the U-tube is directly proportional to the difference in pressure between the two points being measured. This allows the manometer to accurately measure the pressure difference between two points in a system.

It's important to note that the fluid used in the manometer needs to be chosen carefully based on the properties of the fluid being measured and the operating conditions of the system. For example, mercury is often used in industrial and laboratory applications because it is a heavy liquid and can accurately measure very low pressures, while water is commonly used in HVAC systems because it is readily available and safe to handle.

Juan Andre

what common liquid is used?

The choice of liquid used in a manometer depends on a variety of factors, including the specific application, the range of pressures being measured, and the properties of the fluid being measured. Here are some common liquids used in manometers:

Mercury: Mercury is a dense liquid and is often used in industrial and laboratory applications where high accuracy is required. However, mercury is toxic and can be dangerous if mishandled, so it must be handled with care.

Water: Water is a readily available liquid and is commonly used in HVAC systems, where it is used to measure low pressures. Water is not suitable for measuring high pressures because it has a low density and can evaporate at high temperatures.

Oil: Oil is often used in hydraulic systems where the pressures are high and require a liquid with a higher density than water. There are different types of oils that can be used depending on the specific application.

Ethylene glycol: Ethylene glycol is a common liquid used in manometers for measuring low pressures, especially in automotive and industrial applications.

Alcohol: Alcohol is a suitable liquid for measuring low pressures and is often used in laboratory applications where high accuracy is not required.

It's important to note that the choice of liquid used in a manometer should be based on the specific application and operating conditions of the system being measured.

Catatan kuliah 3 Maret

1.

Kelas hari itu belajar tentang tekanan yang berada pada suatu luas penampang dapat ditentukan tekanananya pada luas penampang itu sendiri yaitu dengan konsep :

P = ρ.g.h

2.

Pada gambar ini bahwa Cp merupakan centre of pressure yang 1/3 dari sebuah benda itu merupakan Cp nya

3.

Gaya apung merupakan gaya yang timbul melawan arah gerak benda yang ada di dalam suatu fluida

Gaya apung dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan

F = ρ.g.V = γ.V

dengan γ = ρ.g

Keterangan:

F = Gaya Apung (kgm/s^2 atau N)

ρ = densitas (kg/m^3)

g = percepatan gravitasi (m/s^2)

V = Volume (m^3)

Chat gpt kuliah 3 maret

Hydrostatic pressure explained.

Juan Andre

What is hidrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid itself. It is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics and is determined by the density of the fluid and the height of the fluid column above a particular point.

In other words, hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that builds up in a liquid due to gravity. It increases with depth because the weight of the liquid above adds to the pressure at lower depths. This pressure is distributed equally in all directions and acts perpendicular to the surface of any object immersed in the liquid.

The hydrostatic pressure is important in many areas of science and engineering, including the design and operation of hydraulic systems, dams, and submarines, and is also relevant in the study of the human body and its fluids.

Juan Andre

It is vector?

Yes, hydrostatic pressure is a vector quantity. This means that it has both magnitude and direction. The direction of the hydrostatic pressure is always perpendicular to the surface of the object immersed in the fluid, and the magnitude of the pressure depends on the depth and density of the fluid. In many cases, hydrostatic pressure is represented by a force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa).

Juan Andre

What happen when hidrostatic pressure is so high

When hydrostatic pressure is very high, it can have significant effects on the objects or materials that are exposed to it. The effects of high hydrostatic pressure depend on the specific application or context in which it is occurring.

In general, high hydrostatic pressure can cause materials to deform or break down, especially if they are not designed to withstand such pressure. For example, if a container is filled with a fluid and subjected to high hydrostatic pressure, the container may deform or rupture if it is not designed to withstand the pressure.

In some cases, high hydrostatic pressure can also cause changes in the physical and chemical properties of materials or substances. For example, when water is subjected to high pressure, it can be transformed into other states such as supercritical water or ice VII, which have different physical and chemical properties than ordinary water.

In medical applications, high hydrostatic pressure can be used to sterilize medical equipment, as it can kill bacteria and other microorganisms. In addition, high hydrostatic pressure is also used in food processing to preserve food and extend its shelf life.

Juan Andre

How can we calculate it

The hydrostatic pressure at any point in a fluid can be calculated using the following formula:

P = ρgh

Where: P = hydrostatic pressure in Pascals (Pa) ρ = density of the fluid in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m^3) g = acceleration due to gravity in meters per second squared (m/s^2) h = depth of the point below the surface of the fluid in meters (m)

This formula assumes that the fluid is incompressible and that the gravitational field is uniform.

For example, let's say we have a swimming pool filled with water (density of 1000 kg/m^3), and we want to calculate the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the pool, which is 3 meters deep. We can use the formula as follows:

P = ρgh P = 1000 kg/m^3 x 9.81 m/s^2 x 3 m P = 29,430 Pa

So the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the pool is 29,430 Pa, which is equivalent to approximately 0.29 atmospheres or 4.26 psi.

Tugas 2 Statika Fluida

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